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GABAA receptor α2 subunit

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Target not currently curated in GtoImmuPdb

Target id: 405

Nomenclature: GABAA receptor α2 subunit

Family: GABAA receptors

Contents:

Gene and Protein Information Click here for help
Species TM AA Chromosomal Location Gene Symbol Gene Name Reference
Human 4 451 4p12 GABRA2 gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha2 7
Mouse 4 451 5 37.59 cM Gabra2 gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit alpha 2 9
Rat 4 451 14 Gabra2 gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha 2 9
Previous and Unofficial Names Click here for help
gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 | Gabra-2 | gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit alpha 2 | gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor | gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor alpha2 subunit
Database Links Click here for help
Alphafold P47869 (Hs), P26048 (Mm), P23576 (Rn)
CATH/Gene3D 2.70.170.10
ChEMBL Target CHEMBL4956 (Hs), CHEMBL2094133 (Mm), CHEMBL341 (Rn)
DrugBank Target P47869 (Hs), P47869 (Hs)
Ensembl Gene ENSG00000151834 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000000560 (Mm), ENSRNOG00000002349 (Rn)
Entrez Gene 2555 (Hs), 14395 (Mm), 289606 (Rn)
Human Protein Atlas ENSG00000151834 (Hs)
KEGG Gene hsa:2555 (Hs), mmu:14395 (Mm), rno:289606 (Rn)
OMIM 137140 (Hs)
Pharos P47869 (Hs)
RefSeq Nucleotide NM_000807 (Hs), NM_008066 (Mm), NM_001135779 (Rn)
RefSeq Protein NP_000798 (Hs), NP_032092 (Mm), NP_001129251 (Rn)
UniProtKB P47869 (Hs), P26048 (Mm), P23576 (Rn)
Wikipedia GABRA2 (Hs)
Associated Proteins Click here for help
Heteromeric Pore-forming Subunits
Name References
GABAA receptor β3 subunit
GABAA receptor γ2 subunit
Auxiliary Subunits
Name References
Not determined
Other Associated Proteins
Name References
Not determined
Associated Protein Comments
Heteromeric GABAA receptors can be formed from the proteins listed in the table above. These receptors generally consist of 2 α, 2 β and 1 γ subunit. An example of a GABAA receptor containing the α2 subunit is α2β3γ2.
Natural/Endogenous Ligands Click here for help
GABA
5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one
tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone
Zn2+

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Agonists
Key to terms and symbols View all chemical structures Click column headers to sort
Ligand Sp. Action Value Parameter Reference
CGS8216 Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Inverse agonist 10.1 pKi 8
⤷ pKi 10.1 (Ki 8x10-11 M) [8]
ZK93423 Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Partial agonist 8.4 pKi 5
⤷ pKi 8.4 (Ki 4.2x10-9 M) [5]
[3H]muscimol Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is labelled Ligand is radioactive Hs Agonist - -
⤷ [Binds to: GABA site]
isoguvacine Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Full agonist - -
⤷ [Binds to: GABA site]
isonipecotic acid Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand has a PDB structure Hs Agonist - -
⤷ [Binds to: GABA site]
muscimol Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Full agonist - -
⤷ [Binds to: GABA site]
piperidine-4-sulphonic acid Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Full agonist - -
⤷ [Binds to: GABA site]
gaboxadol Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand has a PDB structure Hs Agonist - -
⤷ [Binds to: GABA site]
Antagonists
Key to terms and symbols View all chemical structures Click column headers to sort
Ligand Sp. Action Value Parameter Reference
bicuculline Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand has a PDB structure Hs Antagonist - -
⤷ [Binds to: GABA site]
[3H]gabazine Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is labelled Ligand is radioactive Hs Antagonist - -
⤷ [Binds to: GABA site]
gabazine Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Antagonist - -
⤷ [Binds to: GABA site]
Channel Blockers
Key to terms and symbols View all chemical structures Click column headers to sort
Ligand Sp. Action Use-dependent Value Parameter Concentration range (M) Voltage-dependent (mV) Reference
picrotoxin Small molecule or natural product Primary target of this compound Click here for species-specific activity table Hs - no - - - no
⤷
Not voltage dependent
TBPS Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Hs - no - - - no
⤷
Not voltage dependent
[35S]TBPS Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is labelled Ligand is radioactive Hs - no - - - no
⤷ [Binds to: anion channel]
Not voltage dependent
Allosteric Modulators
Key to terms and symbols View all chemical structures Click column headers to sort
Ligand Sp. Action Value Parameter Concentration range (M) Voltage-dependent (mV) Reference
AZD7325 Small molecule or natural product Primary target of this compound Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Positive 9.5 pKi - no 3
⤷ pKi 9.5 (Ki 3x10-10 M) [3]
Not voltage dependent
triazolam Small molecule or natural product Approved drug Primary target of this compound Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Positive 9.2 pKi - no 8
⤷ pKi 9.2 (Ki 5.9x10-10 M) [8]
Not voltage dependent
Description: Binding affinity to human recombinant GABAA receptor α2β3γ2.
flumazenil Small molecule or natural product Approved drug Primary target of this compound Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand has a PDB structure Hs - 9.1 pKi - no 13
⤷ pKi 9.1 (Ki 9x10-10 M) [Binds to: benzodiazepine site] Antagonist at α1 receptors, but allosteric modulator at other subtypes. [13]
Not voltage dependent
Description: Affinity measured using α2β3γ2 receptors.
clonazepam Small molecule or natural product Approved drug Primary target of this compound Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Positive 8.8 pKi - no 11
⤷ pKi 8.8 (Ki 1.7x10-9 M) [Binds to: benzodiazepine site] [11]
Not voltage dependent
Description: Assay using recombinant GABAA channels with subunit composition; α2β1γ2.
darigabat Small molecule or natural product Hs Positive >8.6 pKi - no 10
⤷ pKi >8.6 (Ki <2.47x10-9 M) [10]
Not voltage dependent
Description: Determined in a radioligand competition binding assay using [3H]flumazenil and recombinant human GABAA receptor with the α2/β2/γ3 configuration.
flunitrazepam Small molecule or natural product Approved drug Primary target of this compound Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Positive 8.3 pKi - no 6
⤷ pKi 8.3 (Ki 5.2x10-9 M) [Binds to: benzodiazepine site] [6]
Not voltage dependent
Description: Assay using recombinant GABAA channels with subunit composition; α2β1γ2.
diazepam Small molecule or natural product Approved drug Primary target of this compound Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand has a PDB structure Hs Positive 7.8 pKi - no 11
⤷ pKi 7.8 (Ki 1.69x10-8 M) [Binds to: benzodiazepine site] [11]
Not voltage dependent
Description: Assay using recombinant GABAA channels with subunit composition; α2β1γ2.
zolpidem Small molecule or natural product Approved drug Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand has a PDB structure Hs Positive 6.1 pKi - no 7
⤷ pKi 6.1 (Ki 7.606x10-7 M) [7]
Not voltage dependent
Description: Assay using recombinant GABAA channels with subunit composition; α2β1γ2.
alprazolam Small molecule or natural product Approved drug Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand has a PDB structure Hs Positive 7.9 pEC50 - no 1
⤷ pEC50 7.9 (EC50 1.2x10-8 M) [Binds to: benzodiazepine site] [1]
Not voltage dependent
Zn2+ Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is endogenous in the given species Hs Inhibition - - - no
⤷
Not voltage dependent
α3IA Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Inverse agonist - - - no 13
⤷ [Binds to: benzodiazepine site] [13]
Not voltage dependent
α5IA Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Inverse agonist - - - no 13
⤷ [Binds to: benzodiazepine site] [13]
Not voltage dependent
5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one Small molecule or natural product Approved drug Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is endogenous in the given species Hs Potentiation - - - no
⤷
Not voltage dependent
bretazenil Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Full agonist - - - no
⤷ [Binds to: benzodiazepine site]
Not voltage dependent
DMCM Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand has a PDB structure Hs Inverse agonist - - - no 12
⤷ [Binds to: benzodiazepine site] [12]
Not voltage dependent
L838417 Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Partial agonist - - - no 13
⤷ [Binds to: benzodiazepine site] partially selective [13]
Not voltage dependent
MRK016 Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Inverse agonist - - - no
⤷ [Binds to: benzodiazepine site]
Not voltage dependent
ocinaplon Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Partial agonist - - - no
⤷ [Binds to: benzodiazepine site]
Not voltage dependent
Ro15-4513 Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand has a PDB structure Hs Inverse agonist - - - no
⤷ [Binds to: benzodiazepine site]
Not voltage dependent
Ro19-4603 Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Inverse agonist - - - no
⤷ [Binds to: benzodiazepine site]
Not voltage dependent
RO4938581 Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Inverse agonist - - - no
⤷ [Binds to: benzodiazepine site]
Not voltage dependent
tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is endogenous in the given species Ligand has a PDB structure Hs Potentiation - - - no
⤷
Not voltage dependent
TP003 Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Antagonist - - - no
⤷ [Binds to: benzodiazepine site]
Not voltage dependent
TPA023 Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Partial agonist - - - no 13
⤷ [Binds to: benzodiazepine site] low efficacy [13]
Not voltage dependent
ZK93426 Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Antagonist - - - no
⤷ [Binds to: benzodiazepine site]
Not voltage dependent
[3H]flunitrazepam Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is labelled Ligand is radioactive Hs Full agonist - - - no
⤷ [Binds to: benzodiazepine site]
Not voltage dependent
[3H]CGS8216 Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is labelled Ligand is radioactive Hs Mixed - - - no
⤷ [Binds to: benzodiazepine site] agonist and antagonist
Not voltage dependent
[11C]flumazenil Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is labelled Ligand is radioactive Ligand has a PDB structure Hs - - - - no
⤷ [Binds to: benzodiazepine site]
Not voltage dependent
[18F]fluoroethylflumazenil Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is labelled Ligand is radioactive Hs - - - - no
⤷ [Binds to: benzodiazepine site]
Not voltage dependent
Allosteric Modulator Comments
Alprazolam is an approved drug which is a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor. It has affinity for the benzodizepine site on several α subunits.
PF-06372865 enhances GABA-induced current by 124% in HEK cells expressing α2-containing receptors, but by only 18% in α1-containing receptors [10]. L838417 is a positive modulator of α2βγ2, α3βγ2, and α5βγ2 receptors, and an antagonist at α1βγ2 receptors [13], so is at best partially selective.
Clinically-Relevant Mutations and Pathophysiology Click here for help
Disease:  Alcohol dependence
Disease Ontology: DOID:0050741
OMIM: 103780
Comments:  Polymorphisms in GABRA2 are associated with susceptibility to alcohol dependence
References:  2,4

References

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1. Albaugh PA, Marshall L, Gregory J, White G, Hutchison A, Ross PC, Gallagher DW, Tallman JF, Crago M, Cassella JV. (2002) Synthesis and biological evaluation of 7,8,9,10-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-c]pyrido[3,4-e]pyrimdin-5(6H)-ones as functionally selective ligands of the benzodiazepine receptor site on the GABA(A) receptor. J Med Chem, 45 (23): 5043-51. [PMID:12408715]

2. Arias AJ, Covault J, Feinn R, Pond T, Yang BZ, Ge W, Oncken C, Kranzler HR. (2014) A GABRA2 variant is associated with increased stimulation and 'high' following alcohol administration. Alcohol Alcohol, 49 (1): 1-9. [PMID:24166645]

3. AstraZeneca. AZD7325. Accessed on 11/09/2014. Modified on 11/09/2014. astrazeneca.com, http://openinnovation.astrazeneca.com/what-we-offer/compound/azd7325/

4. Bierut LJ, Agrawal A, Bucholz KK, Doheny KF, Laurie C, Pugh E, Fisher S, Fox L, Howells W, Bertelsen S et al.. (2010) A genome-wide association study of alcohol dependence. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 107 (11): 5082-7. [PMID:20202923]

5. Cox ED, Diaz-Arauzo H, Huang Q, Reddy MS, Ma C, Harris B, McKernan R, Skolnick P, Cook JM. (1998) Synthesis and evaluation of analogues of the partial agonist 6-(propyloxy)-4-(methoxymethyl)-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (6-PBC) and the full agonist 6-(benzyloxy)-4-(methoxymethyl)-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (Zk 93423) at wild type and recombinant GABAA receptors. J Med Chem, 41 (14): 2537-52. [PMID:9651158]

6. Hadingham KL, Garrett EM, Wafford KA, Bain C, Heavens RP, Sirinathsinghji DJ, Whiting PJ. (1996) Cloning of cDNAs encoding the human gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor alpha 6 subunit and characterization of the pharmacology of alpha 6-containing receptors. Mol Pharmacol, 49 (2): 253-9. [PMID:8632757]

7. Hadingham KL, Wingrove P, Le Bourdelles B, Palmer KJ, Ragan CI, Whiting PJ. (1993) Cloning of cDNA sequences encoding human alpha 2 and alpha 3 gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor subunits and characterization of the benzodiazepine pharmacology of recombinant alpha 1-, alpha 2-, alpha 3-, and alpha 5-containing human gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptors. Mol Pharmacol, 43 (6): 970-5. [PMID:8391122]

8. Huang Q, He X, Ma C, Liu R, Yu S, Dayer CA, Wenger GR, McKernan R, Cook JM. (2000) Pharmacophore/receptor models for GABA(A)/BzR subtypes (alpha1beta3gamma2, alpha5beta3gamma2, and alpha6beta3gamma2) via a comprehensive ligand-mapping approach. J Med Chem, 43 (1): 71-95. [PMID:10633039]

9. Khrestchatisky M, MacLennan AJ, Tillakaratne NJ, Chiang MY, Tobin AJ. (1991) Sequence and regional distribution of the mRNA encoding the alpha 2 polypeptide of rat gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptors. J Neurochem, 56 (5): 1717-22. [PMID:1849552]

10. Omoto K, Owen RM, Pryde DC, Watson CAL, Takeuchi M. (2014) Imidazopyridazine derivatives as GABAA receptor modulators. Patent number: WO2014091368. Assignee: Pfizer Limited. Priority date: 14/12/2012. Publication date: 19/06/2014.

11. Pritchett DB, Lüddens H, Seeburg PH. (1989) Type I and type II GABAA-benzodiazepine receptors produced in transfected cells. Science, 245 (4924): 1389-92. [PMID:2551039]

12. Ramerstorfer J, Furtmüller R, Vogel E, Huck S, Sieghart W. (2010) The point mutation gamma 2F77I changes the potency and efficacy of benzodiazepine site ligands in different GABAA receptor subtypes. Eur J Pharmacol, 636 (1-3): 18-27. [PMID:20303942]

13. Sieghart W, Savić MM. (2018) International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CVI: GABAA Receptor Subtype- and Function-selective Ligands: Key Issues in Translation to Humans. Pharmacol Rev, 70 (4): 836-878. [PMID:30275042]

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