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Gene and Protein Information  |
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| Species | TM | P Loops | AA | Chromosomal Location | Gene Symbol | Gene Name | Reference |
| Human | 2 | 1 | 418 | 17q24.3 | KCNJ16 | potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 16 | 3,10 |
| Mouse | 2 | 1 | 419 | 11 75.01 cM | Kcnj16 | potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 16 | 12 |
| Rat | 2 | 1 | 419 | 10q32.1 | Kcnj16 | potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 16 | 1,20 |
| Previous and Unofficial Names |
| potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 16 | BIR9 | inward rectifier K(+) channel Kir5.1 | inward rectifier potassium channel 16 | potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J, member 16 | potassium inwardly-rectifying channel | potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 16 |
| Database Links |
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| Alphafold | Q9NPI9 (Hs), Q9Z307 (Mm), P52191 (Rn) |
| CATH/Gene3D | 2.60.40.1400 |
| Ensembl Gene | ENSG00000153822 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000051497 (Mm), ENSRNOG00000004713 (Rn) |
| Entrez Gene | 3773 (Hs), 16517 (Mm), 29719 (Rn) |
| Human Protein Atlas | ENSG00000153822 (Hs) |
| KEGG Gene | hsa:3773 (Hs), mmu:16517 (Mm), rno:29719 (Rn) |
| OMIM | 605722 (Hs) |
| Pharos | Q9NPI9 (Hs) |
| RefSeq Nucleotide | NM_018658 (Hs), NM_010604 (Mm), NM_053314 (Rn) |
| RefSeq Protein | NP_061128 (Hs), NP_034734 (Mm), NP_445766 (Rn) |
| UniProtKB | Q9NPI9 (Hs), Q9Z307 (Mm), P52191 (Rn) |
| Wikipedia | KCNJ16 (Hs) |
| Associated Proteins |
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| Functional Characteristics |
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| Weakly inwardly rectifying | |
| Ion Selectivity and Conductance |
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| Ion Selectivity and Conductance Comments | ||||||
| Kir5.1 reported to form functional homomeric channels when expressed with PSD-95 [18]. Functional channels are also formed by heteromers of Kir5.1 with · Kir4.1 (K+,43 pS, [15] · Kir4.2 (K+, 54 pS, [14]) |
Download all structure-activity data for this target as a CSV file 
| Gating Inhibitor Comments | ||
| PKA phosphorylation reported to inhibit activation of the Kir5.1/PSD-95 channel [18]. PKC phosphorylation reported to inhibit heteromeric Kir4.1/Kir5.1 channels [16]. Na+ influences PIP2 gating of heteromeric Kir4.1/Kir5.1 channels [17]. Intracellular H+ inhibits heteromeric Kir4.1/Kir5.1 channels [14,18,20]. Formation of heteromers with Kir5.1: -Increases the sensitivity to intracellular pH (Kir4.1/5.1 pKi 7.1 vs. Kir4.1 6.0; Kir4.2/5.1 pKi 7.6 vs Kir4.2 pKi 7.6) [14] -Imparts upregulation by intracellular Na+ [17] -Reduces upregulation by extracellular K+ [4] -Imparts sensitivity to inhibition by glutathione and oxidative stress [8]. |
| Channel Blockers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Tissue Distribution
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| Physiological Functions
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1. Bond CT, Pessia M, Xia XM, Lagrutta A, Kavanaugh MP, Adelman JP. (1994) Cloning and expression of a family of inward rectifier potassium channels. Recept Channels, 2 (3): 183-91. [PMID:7874445]
2. D'Adamo MC, Shang L, Imbrici P, Brown SD, Pessia M, Tucker SJ. (2011) Genetic inactivation of Kcnj16 identifies Kir5.1 as an important determinant of neuronal PCO2/pH sensitivity. J Biol Chem, 286 (1): 192-8. [PMID:21047793]
3. Derst C, Karschin C, Wischmeyer E, Hirsch JR, Preisig-Müller R, Rajan S, Engel H, Grzeschik K, Daut J, Karschin A. (2001) Genetic and functional linkage of Kir5.1 and Kir2.1 channel subunits. FEBS Lett, 491 (3): 305-11. [PMID:11240146]
4. Edvinsson JM, Shah AJ, Palmer LG. (2011) Potassium-dependent activation of Kir4.2 K⁺ channels. J Physiol (Lond.), 589 (Pt 24): 5949-63. [PMID:22025665]
5. Hibino H, Fujita A, Iwai K, Yamada M, Kurachi Y. (2004) Differential assembly of inwardly rectifying K+ channel subunits, Kir4.1 and Kir5.1, in brain astrocytes. J Biol Chem, 279 (42): 44065-73. [PMID:15310750]
6. Hibino H, Higashi-Shingai K, Fujita A, Iwai K, Ishii M, Kurachi Y. (2004) Expression of an inwardly rectifying K+ channel, Kir5.1, in specific types of fibrocytes in the cochlear lateral wall suggests its functional importance in the establishment of endocochlear potential. Eur J Neurosci, 19 (1): 76-84. [PMID:14750965]
7. Ishii M, Fujita A, Iwai K, Kusaka S, Higashi K, Inanobe A, Hibino H, Kurachi Y. (2003) Differential expression and distribution of Kir5.1 and Kir4.1 inwardly rectifying K+ channels in retina. Am J Physiol, Cell Physiol, 285 (2): C260-7. [PMID:12686518]
8. Jin X, Yu L, Wu Y, Zhang S, Shi Z, Chen X, Yang Y, Zhang X, Jiang C. (2012) S-Glutathionylation underscores the modulation of the heteromeric Kir4.1-Kir5.1 channel in oxidative stress. J Physiol (Lond.), 590 (Pt 21): 5335-48. [PMID:22907060]
9. Lachheb S, Cluzeaud F, Bens M, Genete M, Hibino H, Lourdel S, Kurachi Y, Vandewalle A, Teulon J, Paulais M. (2008) Kir4.1/Kir5.1 channel forms the major K+ channel in the basolateral membrane of mouse renal collecting duct principal cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 294 (6): F1398-407. [PMID:18367659]
10. Liu Y, McKenna E, Figueroa DJ, Blevins R, Austin CP, Bennett PB, Swanson R. (2000) The human inward rectifier K(+) channel subunit kir5.1 (KCNJ16) maps to chromosome 17q25 and is expressed in kidney and pancreas. Cytogenet Cell Genet, 90 (1-2): 60-3. [PMID:11060447]
11. Lourdel S, Paulais M, Cluzeaud F, Bens M, Tanemoto M, Kurachi Y, Vandewalle A, Teulon J. (2002) An inward rectifier K(+) channel at the basolateral membrane of the mouse distal convoluted tubule: similarities with Kir4-Kir5.1 heteromeric channels. J Physiol (Lond.), 538 (Pt 2): 391-404. [PMID:11790808]
12. Mouri T, Kittaka N, Horio Y, Copeland NG, Gilbert DJ, Jenkins NA, Kurachi Y. (1998) Assignment of mouse inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kcnj16 to the distal region of mouse chromosome 11. Genomics, 54 (1): 181-2. [PMID:9806850]
13. Paulais M, Bloch-Faure M, Picard N, Jacques T, Ramakrishnan SK, Keck M, Sohet F, Eladari D, Houillier P, Lourdel S et al.. (2011) Renal phenotype in mice lacking the Kir5.1 (Kcnj16) K+ channel subunit contrasts with that observed in SeSAME/EAST syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 108 (25): 10361-6. [PMID:21633011]
14. Pessia M, Imbrici P, D'Adamo MC, Salvatore L, Tucker SJ. (2001) Differential pH sensitivity of Kir4.1 and Kir4.2 potassium channels and their modulation by heteropolymerisation with Kir5.1. J Physiol (Lond.), 532 (Pt 2): 359-67. [PMID:11306656]
15. Pessia M, Tucker SJ, Lee K, Bond CT, Adelman JP. (1996) Subunit positional effects revealed by novel heteromeric inwardly rectifying K+ channels. EMBO J, 15 (12): 2980-7. [PMID:8670799]
16. Rojas A, Cui N, Su J, Yang L, Muhumuza JP, Jiang C. (2007) Protein kinase C dependent inhibition of the heteromeric Kir4.1-Kir5.1 channel. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1768 (9): 2030-42. [PMID:17585871]
17. Rosenhouse-Dantsker A, Sui JL, Zhao Q, Rusinova R, Rodríguez-Menchaca AA, Zhang Z, Logothetis DE. (2008) A sodium-mediated structural switch that controls the sensitivity of Kir channels to PtdIns(4,5)P(2). Nat Chem Biol, 4 (10): 624-31. [PMID:18794864]
18. Tanemoto M, Fujita A, Higashi K, Kurachi Y. (2002) PSD-95 mediates formation of a functional homomeric Kir5.1 channel in the brain. Neuron, 34 (3): 387-97. [PMID:11988170]
19. Trapp S, Tucker SJ, Gourine AV. (2011) Respiratory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia in mice with genetic ablation of Kir5.1 (Kcnj16). Exp Physiol, 96 (4): 451-9. [PMID:21239463]
20. Tucker SJ, Imbrici P, Salvatore L, D'Adamo MC, Pessia M. (2000) pH dependence of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel, Kir5.1, and localization in renal tubular epithelia. J Biol Chem, 275 (22): 16404-7. [PMID:10764726]
21. Wu J, Xu H, Shen W, Jiang C. (2004) Expression and coexpression of CO2-sensitive Kir channels in brainstem neurons of rats. J Membr Biol, 197 (3): 179-91. [PMID:15042349]
22. Yamamoto Y, Ishikawa R, Omoe K, Taniguchi K. (2008) Expression of inwardly rectifying K+ channels in the carotid body of rat. Histol Histopathol, 23 (7): 799-806. [PMID:18437678]
