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enoxolone   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 11264

Synonyms: 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid | glycyrrhetic acid | glycyrrhetinic acid
PDB Ligand
Compound class: Synthetic organic
Comment: Enoxolone is a bioactive metabolite of glycyrrhizin, which is a compound found in the liquorice plant Glycyrrhiza glabra. It has been found to inhibit enzymes that metabolise the prostaglandins PGE2 and PGF2α to their inactive metabolites, and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSD11B1, HSD11B2) which convert active cortisol to inactive cortisone. Enoxolone has proposed anti-inflammatory [4-5,8,10] and antitussive effects as well as action against pathogens (viruses, fungal infections, bacterial infections) [1,3,7], and beneficial actions for the treatmant of gastric ulcers.
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Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts

These are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts.

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View interactive charts of activity data across species

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2D Structure
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2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

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Physico-chemical Properties
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Physico-chemical Properties

Calculated molecular properties are available for small molecules and natural products (not peptides). Properties were generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/). All properties were selected to enable the prediction of the Lipinski Rule-of-Five profile or ‘druglikeness’ for each ligand. For more info on each category see the help pages.

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Hydrogen bond acceptors 4
Hydrogen bond donors 2
Rotatable bonds 1
Topological polar surface area 74.6
Molecular weight 470.34
XLogP 6.75
No. Lipinski's rules broken 1

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)
SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)

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Canonical SMILES O=C1C=C2[C@@H]3C[C@](C)(CC[C@]3(C)CC[C@]2([C@]2([C@H]1[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@H](C([C@@H]1CC2)(C)C)O)C)C)C(=O)O
Isomeric SMILES O=C1C=C2[C@@H]3C[C@](C)(CC[C@]3(C)CC[C@]2([C@]2([C@H]1[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@H](C([C@@H]1CC2)(C)C)O)C)C)C(=O)O
InChI InChI=1S/C30H46O4/c1-25(2)21-8-11-30(7)23(28(21,5)10-9-22(25)32)20(31)16-18-19-17-27(4,24(33)34)13-12-26(19,3)14-15-29(18,30)6/h16,19,21-23,32H,8-15,17H2,1-7H3,(H,33,34)/t19-,21-,22-,23+,26+,27-,28-,29+,30+/m0/s1
InChI Key MPDGHEJMBKOTSU-YKLVYJNSSA-N

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)
Bioactivity Comments
Enoxolone displays antibacterial activity at high concentration in vitro (7.82 to 125 μg/ml) and been found to reduce virulence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a murine skin infection model [7].
Selectivity at enzymes
Key to terms and symbols Click column headers to sort
Target Sp. Type Action Value Parameter Concentration range (M) Reference
hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Hs Inhibitor Inhibition 8.9 pIC50 - 6
⤷ pIC50 8.9 (IC50 1.2x10-9 M) [6]
hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 1 Hs Inhibitor Inhibition 7.5 – 7.9 pIC50 - 6,9
⤷ pIC50 7.9 (IC50 1.3x10-8 M) [9]
pIC50 7.5 (IC50 2.9x10-8 M) [6]
hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 1 Rn Inhibitor Inhibition 7.1 pIC50 - 2
⤷ pIC50 7.1 (IC50 9x10-8 M) [2]
hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2 Rn Inhibitor Inhibition 6.4 pIC50 - 2
⤷ pIC50 6.4 (IC50 3.6x10-7 M) [2]