bortezomib   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 6391

Synonyms: peptide boronate | PS-341 | Velcade®
Approved drug PDB Ligand Immunopharmacology Ligand Antimalarial Ligand
bortezomib is an approved drug (FDA (2003), EMA (2004))
Compound class: Synthetic organic
Comment: Bortezomib is a dipeptide (Phe-Leu), with a pyrazinoic acid protecting the N-terminus and a boronic acid replacing the C-terminal carboxylic acid. The boron atom is believed to interact with and inactivate the catalytic site on β subunits which form the active core of the proteasome, preferentially binding β5 active site [4]. Bortezomib is the first-in-class proteasome inhibitor to be approved for clinical use.
Proteasome activity is reviewed in [3].

The compound also has antimalarial activity. The Malaria tab on this ligand page provides additional curator comments of relevance to the Guide to MALARIA PHARMACOLOGY.
Click here for help

Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts

These are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts.

✖

View interactive charts of activity data across species
2D Structure
Click here for help

2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

✖
Click here for structure editor
Physico-chemical Properties
Click here for help

Physico-chemical Properties

Calculated molecular properties are available for small molecules and natural products (not peptides). Properties were generated using the CDK toolkit. All properties were selected to enable the prediction of the Lipinski Rule-of-Five profile or ‘druglikeness’ for each ligand. For more info on each category see the help pages.

✖
Hydrogen bond acceptors 8
Hydrogen bond donors 4
Rotatable bonds 11
Topological polar surface area 124.44
Molecular weight 384.2
XLogP 1.01
No. Lipinski's rules broken 0
SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
Click here for help

SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

✖
Canonical SMILES CC(CC(B(O)O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)c1cnccn1)Cc1ccccc1)C
Isomeric SMILES CC(C[C@@H](B(O)O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)c1cnccn1)Cc1ccccc1)C
InChI InChI=1S/C19H25BN4O4/c1-13(2)10-17(20(27)28)24-18(25)15(11-14-6-4-3-5-7-14)23-19(26)16-12-21-8-9-22-16/h3-9,12-13,15,17,27-28H,10-11H2,1-2H3,(H,23,26)(H,24,25)/t15-,17-/m0/s1
InChI Key GXJABQQUPOEUTA-RDJZCZTQSA-N
Bioactivity Comments
Bortezomib has been shown to inhibit the chymotrypsin-like (aka β5) activity of the human 26S proteasome [7].
Specific activity against the P. falciparum β5 subunit has also been demonstrated [10]. The interaction table below provides data from an evaluation of the antimalarial (asexual blood stage) activity of bortezomib, using a panel of P. falciparum strains. The compound shows no evidence of reduced potency against drug resistant strains [8].
Selectivity at enzymes
Key to terms and symbols Click on species/strain names for details Click column headers to sort
Target Sp. Type Action Value Parameter Concentration range (M) Reference
proteasome 20S subunit beta 5 Primary target of this compound Hs Inhibitor Inhibition 7.7 pIC50 - 7
⤷ pIC50 7.7 (IC50 2x10-8 M) [7]
Selectivity at other protein targets
Key to terms and symbols Click on species/strain names for details Click column headers to sort
Target Sp. Type Action Value Parameter Concentration range (M) Reference
Plasmodium falciparum proteasome subunit beta type-5 Pf

Plasmodium falciparum

P. falciparum (Pf) is one of five protozoan parasite species of the genus Plasmodium that cause malaria in humans. Pf is responsible for the majority of malaria related deaths and is the most prevalent species in sub-Saharan Africa.
✖
 Inhibitor Inhibition 7.3 pIC50 - 10
⤷ pIC50 7.3 (IC50 5.3x10-8 M) Fluorogenic peptide assay used to assess purified Pf20S proteasome activity [10]
Whole organism assay data
Key to terms and symbols Click on species/strain names for details Click column headers to sort
MOA/likely target Sp. Assay description Type Action Value Parameter Concentration range (M) Reference
Plasmodium falciparum proteasome subunit beta type-5 Pf3D7

Plasmodium falciparum 3D7

P. falciparum strain 3D7 (Pf3D7) was derived from isolate NF54 by limiting dilution. The complete genome of Pf3D7 has been sequenced (GenBank: LN999946.1).
Pf3D7 can be obtained from the European Malaria Reagent Repository or the Malaria Research and Reference Reagent Resource Center (MR4) and is sensitive to a panel of antimalarial compounds including chloroquine and pyrimethamine.
✖
 Parasite growth inhibition assay - - 7.5 pIC50 - 8
⤷ pIC50 7.5 (IC50 3.1x10-8 M) [3H]-hypoxanthine incorporation [8]
Lifecycle stages: Plasmodium asexual blood stage (erythrocytic merozoite, trophozoite, erythrocytic schizont)
Plasmodium falciparum proteasome subunit beta type-5 PfHB3

Plasmodium falciparum HB3

P. falciparum strain HB3 (PfHB3) was cloned from the Honduras I/CDC strain, originally isolated from a patient in Choluteca, Honduras, during an outbreak of urban malaria in January 1980.
PfHB3 can be obtained from the European Malaria Reagent Repository or the Malaria Research and Reference Reagent Resource Center (MR4) and is reported to be chloroquine sensitive.
✖
 Parasite growth inhibition assay - - 7.5 pIC50 - 8
⤷ pIC50 7.5 (IC50 3.1x10-8 M) [3H]-hypoxanthine incorporation [8]
Lifecycle stages: Plasmodium asexual blood stage (erythrocytic merozoite, trophozoite, erythrocytic schizont)
Plasmodium falciparum proteasome subunit beta type-5 PfDd2

Plasmodium falciparum Dd2

P. falciparum strain Dd2 (PfDd2) is a clone derived from PfW2, following continuous culture in mefloquine. PfW2 was cloned from the Indochina III/CDC isolate, originally derived from a Laotian patient who failed chloroquine therapy.
PfDd2 can be obtained from the Malaria Research and Reference Reagent Resource Center (MR4) and is reported to be resistant to chloroquine, pyrimethamine and mefloquine.
✖
 Parasite growth inhibition assay - - 7.4 pIC50 - 8
⤷ pIC50 7.4 (IC50 3.7x10-8 M) [3H]-hypoxanthine incorporation [8]
Lifecycle stages: Plasmodium asexual blood stage (erythrocytic merozoite, trophozoite, erythrocytic schizont)
Plasmodium falciparum proteasome subunit beta type-5 PfW2

Plasmodium falciparum W2

P. falciparum strain W2 (PfW2) was cloned from the Indochina III/CDC isolate, originally derived from a Laotian patient who failed chloroquine therapy.
PfW2 can be obtained from the European Malaria Reagent Repository or the Malaria Research and Reference Reagent Resource Center (MR4) and is reported to be resistant to chloroquine and susceptible to mefloquine.
✖
 Parasite growth inhibition assay - - 7.4 pIC50 - 8
⤷ pIC50 7.4 (IC50 4.3x10-8 M) [3H]-hypoxanthine incorporation [8]
Lifecycle stages: Plasmodium asexual blood stage (erythrocytic merozoite, trophozoite, erythrocytic schizont)
Ligand mentioned in the following text fields
T1: Proteasome overview