bortezomib   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 6391

Synonyms: peptide boronate | PS-341 | Velcade®
Approved drug PDB Ligand Immunopharmacology Ligand Antimalarial Ligand
bortezomib is an approved drug (FDA (2003), EMA (2004))
Compound class: Synthetic organic
Comment: Bortezomib is a dipeptide (Phe-Leu), with a pyrazinoic acid protecting the N-terminus and a boronic acid replacing the C-terminal carboxylic acid. The boron atom is believed to interact with and inactivate the catalytic site on β subunits which form the active core of the proteasome, preferentially binding β5 active site [4]. Bortezomib is the first-in-class proteasome inhibitor to be approved for clinical use.
Proteasome activity is reviewed in [3].

The compound also has antimalarial activity. The Malaria tab on this ligand page provides additional curator comments of relevance to the Guide to MALARIA PHARMACOLOGY.
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Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts

These are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts.

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View interactive charts of activity data across species
2D Structure
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2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

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Physico-chemical Properties
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Physico-chemical Properties

Calculated molecular properties are available for small molecules and natural products (not peptides). Properties were generated using the CDK toolkit. All properties were selected to enable the prediction of the Lipinski Rule-of-Five profile or ‘druglikeness’ for each ligand. For more info on each category see the help pages.

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Hydrogen bond acceptors 8
Hydrogen bond donors 4
Rotatable bonds 11
Topological polar surface area 124.44
Molecular weight 384.2
XLogP 1.01
No. Lipinski's rules broken 0
SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

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Canonical SMILES CC(CC(B(O)O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)c1cnccn1)Cc1ccccc1)C
Isomeric SMILES CC(C[C@@H](B(O)O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)c1cnccn1)Cc1ccccc1)C
InChI InChI=1S/C19H25BN4O4/c1-13(2)10-17(20(27)28)24-18(25)15(11-14-6-4-3-5-7-14)23-19(26)16-12-21-8-9-22-16/h3-9,12-13,15,17,27-28H,10-11H2,1-2H3,(H,23,26)(H,24,25)/t15-,17-/m0/s1
InChI Key GXJABQQUPOEUTA-RDJZCZTQSA-N
No information available.
Summary of Clinical Use Click here for help
May be used to treat multiple myeloma in patients unsuccessfully treated with at least two previous therapies. Bortezomib is delivered by injection. The marketed drug Velcade, contains bortezomib as the mannitol boronic ester.
Mechanism Of Action and Pharmacodynamic Effects Click here for help
Bortezomib is a reversible inhibitor of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the 26S proteasome. Inhibitors of proteasome activity are antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic in nature. Proteasome inhibition leads to an increase in intracellular pro-apoptotic proteins, which promote cell-cycle arrest and cell-death [2].
Pharmacokinetics Click here for help
Biotransformation/Metabolism
Bortezomib is primarily oxidatively metabolized via cytochrome P450 enzymes, 3A4, 2D6, 2C19, 2C9, and 1A2. Deboronated metabolites are inactive as 26S proteasome inhibitors.
Elimination
The pathways of elimination of bortezomib have not been characterized in humans.
External links Click here for help
For extended ADME data see the following:

Electronic Medicines Compendium (eMC)
Drugs.com
European Medicines Agency (EMA)