caffeine   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 407

Synonyms: Peyona®
Approved drug PDB Ligand
caffeine is an approved drug (FDA (no history prior to 1999), EMA (2009))
Compound class: Natural product or derivative
Comment: Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant that causes increased alertness and agitation.
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Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts

These are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts.

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View interactive charts of activity data across species

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View more information in the IUPHAR Pharmacology Education Project: caffeine

caffeine is commercially available from our sponsors

2D Structure
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2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

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Physico-chemical Properties
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Physico-chemical Properties

Calculated molecular properties are available for small molecules and natural products (not peptides). Properties were generated using the CDK toolkit. All properties were selected to enable the prediction of the Lipinski Rule-of-Five profile or ‘druglikeness’ for each ligand. For more info on each category see the help pages.

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Hydrogen bond acceptors 3
Hydrogen bond donors 0
Rotatable bonds 0
Topological polar surface area 61.82
Molecular weight 194.08
XLogP 1.55
No. Lipinski's rules broken 0
SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

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Canonical SMILES Cn1cnc2c1c(=O)n(C)c(=O)n2C
Isomeric SMILES Cn1cnc2c1c(=O)n(C)c(=O)n2C
InChI InChI=1S/C8H10N4O2/c1-10-4-9-6-5(10)7(13)12(3)8(14)11(6)2/h4H,1-3H3
InChI Key RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
No information available.
Summary of Clinical Use Click here for help
Used in the management of orthostatic hypotension, fatigue and for the short term treatment of apnea (due to a lack of respiratory effort) in premature infants.
Mechanism Of Action and Pharmacodynamic Effects Click here for help
The mechanism(s) by which caffeine exerts its effects are not fully resolved, but appear to involve inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, antagonism of adenosine receptors, and modulation of intracellular calcium handling. The stimulatory effects of caffeine can be explained by antagonism of adenosine receptors and subsequent increase of neurotransmitter release, indeed blocking the adenosine A1 receptor in the heart leads to the sensation of an accelerated and pounding heartbeat experienced following caffeine intake.
External links Click here for help
For extended ADME data see the following:

European Medicines Agency (EMA)