tauroursodeoxycholic acid   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 4746

Abbreviated name: TUDA
Synonyms: Relyvrio® (sodium phenylbutyrate + taurursodiol) | tauroursodeoxycholate | taurursodiol | TUDCA | UR 906 | ursodoxicoltaurine (INN)
Approved drug PDB Ligand Immunopharmacology Ligand
tauroursodeoxycholic acid is an approved drug (FDA (2022))
Compound class: Metabolite
Comment: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is a conjugated bile acid derivative. Evidence suggests that it acts as a chemical chaperone and facilitates protein folding within the endoplasmic reticulum [2].
2D Structure
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2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

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Physico-chemical Properties
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Physico-chemical Properties

Calculated molecular properties are available for small molecules and natural products (not peptides). Properties were generated using the CDK toolkit. All properties were selected to enable the prediction of the Lipinski Rule-of-Five profile or ‘druglikeness’ for each ligand. For more info on each category see the help pages.

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Hydrogen bond acceptors 7
Hydrogen bond donors 4
Rotatable bonds 8
Topological polar surface area 132.31
Molecular weight 499.3
XLogP 4.86
No. Lipinski's rules broken 0
SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

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Canonical SMILES OC1CCC2(C(C1)CC(C1C2CCC2(C1CCC2C(CCC(=O)NCCS(=O)(=O)O)C)C)O)C
Isomeric SMILES O[C@@H]1CC[C@]2([C@@H](C1)C[C@@H]([C@@H]1[C@@H]2CC[C@]2([C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@H](CCC(=O)NCCS(=O)(=O)O)C)C)O)C
InChI InChI=1S/C26H45NO6S/c1-16(4-7-23(30)27-12-13-34(31,32)33)19-5-6-20-24-21(9-11-26(19,20)3)25(2)10-8-18(28)14-17(25)15-22(24)29/h16-22,24,28-29H,4-15H2,1-3H3,(H,27,30)(H,31,32,33)/t16-,17+,18-,19-,20+,21+,22+,24+,25+,26-/m1/s1
InChI Key BHTRKEVKTKCXOH-LBSADWJPSA-N
No information available.
Summary of Clinical Use Click here for help
An orally bioavailable fixed-dose coformulation containing tauroursodeoxycholic acid (taurursodiol) and sodium phenylbutyrate, known as AMX0035 (PB-TURSO; Amylyx Pharmaceuticals) was investigated for clinical efficacy in neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) [1,5-6]. Sodium phenylbutyrate and taurursodiol target endoplasmic reticulua and mitochondria neuronal stress, and the combined actions reduce neuronal death in experimental models, which suggests potential to treat human neurodegeneration [3,8]. The FDA approved the AMX0035 coformulation (Relyvrio®) as a treatment for ALS in September 2022, based on positive evidence from a phase 2 study. However, in March 2024 Amylyx announced that Relyvrio® failed to meet primary and secondary endpoints in a larger and longer confirmatory ALS clinical trial. The future for use of Relyvrio® remains to be decided.
Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial ID Title Type Source Comment References
NCT03127514 AMX0035 in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Phase 2/Phase 3 Interventional Amylyx Pharmaceuticals Inc. 5-6
NCT05619783 Extension Study Evaluating The Safety And Tolerability of AMX0035 Phase 3 Interventional Amylyx Pharmaceuticals Inc. This phase 3 study (PHOENIX) was intended as a larger confirmatory trial of Relyvrio® in ALS patients, following the 2022 approval by the FDA. Unfortunately the therapy failed to meet primary and secondary enpoints in this trial.