halofantrine   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 10019

Synonyms: Halfan® | WR-171669
Approved drug Antimalarial Ligand
halofantrine is an approved drug (FDA (1992))
Compound class: Synthetic organic
Comment: Halofantrine is a phenanthrene containing compound and belongs to the aryl amino alcohols, a chemical class of antimalarial drugs that includes quinine, mefloquine and lumefantrine.
The INN record specifies that halofantrine is a racemic mixture of stereoisomers. We show the structure without specified stereochemistry to represent the mixture.
The marketed formulation contains halofantrine hydrochloride (PubChem CID 37392).

The Malaria tab on this ligand page provides additional curator comments of relevance to the Guide to MALARIA PHARMACOLOGY.
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Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts

These are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts.

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View interactive charts of activity data across species
2D Structure
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2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

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Click here for structure editor
Physico-chemical Properties
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Physico-chemical Properties

Calculated molecular properties are available for small molecules and natural products (not peptides). Properties were generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/). All properties were selected to enable the prediction of the Lipinski Rule-of-Five profile or ‘druglikeness’ for each ligand. For more info on each category see the help pages.

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Hydrogen bond acceptors 2
Hydrogen bond donors 1
Rotatable bonds 11
Topological polar surface area 23.47
Molecular weight 499.17
XLogP 8.93
No. Lipinski's rules broken 2

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)
SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)

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Canonical SMILES CCCCN(CCC(c1cc2c(Cl)cc(cc2c2c1ccc(c2)C(F)(F)F)Cl)O)CCCC
Isomeric SMILES CCCCN(CCC(c1cc2c(Cl)cc(cc2c2c1ccc(c2)C(F)(F)F)Cl)O)CCCC
InChI InChI=1S/C26H30Cl2F3NO/c1-3-5-10-32(11-6-4-2)12-9-25(33)23-16-22-21(14-18(27)15-24(22)28)20-13-17(26(29,30)31)7-8-19(20)23/h7-8,13-16,25,33H,3-6,9-12H2,1-2H3
InChI Key FOHHNHSLJDZUGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)
References
1. Acharya BN, Kaushik MP. (2007)
Pharmacophore-based predictive model generation for potent antimalarials targeting haem detoxification pathway.
Med Chem Res, 16: 213-229. DOI: 10.1007/s00044-007-9025-8
2. Croft AM. (2007)
A lesson learnt: the rise and fall of Lariam and Halfan.
J R Soc Med, 100 (4): 170-4. [PMID:17404338]
3. de Villiers KA, Marques HM, Egan TJ. (2008)
The crystal structure of halofantrine-ferriprotoporphyrin IX and the mechanism of action of arylmethanol antimalarials.
J Inorg Biochem, 102 (8): 1660-7. [PMID:18508124]
4. Delves M, Plouffe D, Scheurer C, Meister S, Wittlin S, Winzeler EA, Sinden RE, Leroy D. (2012)
The activities of current antimalarial drugs on the life cycle stages of Plasmodium: a comparative study with human and rodent parasites.
PLoS Med, 9 (2): e1001169. [PMID:22363211]
5. O'Neill PM, Park BK, Shone AE, Maggs JL, Roberts P, Stocks PA, Biagini GA, Bray PG, Gibbons P, Berry N et al.. (2009)
Candidate selection and preclinical evaluation of N-tert-butyl isoquine (GSK369796), an affordable and effective 4-aminoquinoline antimalarial for the 21st century.
J Med Chem, 52 (5): 1408-15. [PMID:19222165]
6. Sánchez-Chapula JA, Navarro-Polanco RA, Sanguinetti MC. (2004)
Block of wild-type and inactivation-deficient human ether-a-go-go-related gene K+ channels by halofantrine.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 370 (6): 484-91. [PMID:15558243]
7. Wesche DL, Schuster BG, Wang WX, Woosley RL. (2000)
Mechanism of cardiotoxicity of halofantrine.
Clin Pharmacol Ther, 67 (5): 521-9. [PMID:10824631]