epalrestat   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 11371

Synonyms: Kinedak® | ONO-2235 | ONO2235
Approved drug
epalrestat is an approved drug
Compound class: Synthetic organic
Comment: Epalrestat (ONO-2235) is an orally active inhibitor of aldose reductase (AR). It was originally developed for potential to treat peripheral nerve (e.g. diabetic) damage [4-5], but was later evaluated for anti-cancer action [1,3,7]. Epalrestat has been shown to inhibit several isozymes of the CYP4 family in vitro , and is most potent at CYP4A11 [8].
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Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts

These are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts.

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View interactive charts of activity data across species
2D Structure
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2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

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Physico-chemical Properties
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Physico-chemical Properties

Calculated molecular properties are available for small molecules and natural products (not peptides). Properties were generated using the CDK toolkit. All properties were selected to enable the prediction of the Lipinski Rule-of-Five profile or ‘druglikeness’ for each ligand. For more info on each category see the help pages.

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Hydrogen bond acceptors 4
Hydrogen bond donors 1
Rotatable bonds 4
Topological polar surface area 115
Molecular weight 319.03
XLogP 2.12
No. Lipinski's rules broken 0
SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

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Canonical SMILES C/C(=C\c1ccccc1)/C=C/1\SC(=S)N(C1=O)CC(=O)O
Isomeric SMILES C/C(=C\c1ccccc1)/C=C/1\SC(=S)N(C1=O)CC(=O)O
InChI InChI=1S/C15H13NO3S2/c1-10(7-11-5-3-2-4-6-11)8-12-14(19)16(9-13(17)18)15(20)21-12/h2-8H,9H2,1H3,(H,17,18)/b10-7+,12-8-
InChI Key CHNUOJQWGUIOLD-NFZZJPOKSA-N
References
1. Geng N, Jin Y, Li Y, Zhu S, Bai H. (2020)
AKR1B10 Inhibitor Epalrestat Facilitates Sorafenib-Induced Apoptosis and Autophagy Via Targeting the mTOR Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Int J Med Sci, 17 (9): 1246-1256. [PMID:32547320]
2. Hotta N, Akanuma Y, Kawamori R, Matsuoka K, Oka Y, Shichiri M, Toyota T, Nakashima M, Yoshimura I, Sakamoto N et al.. (2006)
Long-term clinical effects of epalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, on diabetic peripheral neuropathy: the 3-year, multicenter, comparative Aldose Reductase Inhibitor-Diabetes Complications Trial.
Diabetes Care, 29 (7): 1538-44. [PMID:16801576]
3. Ji J, Xu MX, Qian TY, Zhu SZ, Jiang F, Liu ZX, Xu WS, Zhou J, Xiao MB. (2020)
The AKR1B1 inhibitor epalrestat suppresses the progression of cervical cancer.
Mol Biol Rep, 47 (8): 6091-6103. [PMID:32761301]
4. Kikkawa R, Hatanaka I, Yasuda H, Kobayashi N, Shigeta Y. (1984)
Prevention of peripheral nerve dysfunction by an aldose reductase inhibitor in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.
Metabolism, 33 (3): 212-4. [PMID:6420645]
5. Kikkawa R, Hatanaka I, Yasuda H, Kobayashi N, Shigeta Y, Terashima H, Morimura T, Tsuboshima M. (1983)
Effect of a new aldose reductase inhibitor, (E)-3-carboxymethyl-5-[(2E)-methyl-3-phenylpropenylidene]rhodanine (ONO-2235) on peripheral nerve disorders in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.
Diabetologia, 24 (4): 290-2. [PMID:6407887]
6. Ramirez MA, Borja NL. (2008)
Epalrestat: an aldose reductase inhibitor for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy.
Pharmacotherapy, 28 (5): 646-55. [PMID:18447661]
7. Takahashi M, Fujii J, Miyoshi E, Hoshi A, Taniguchi N. (1995)
Elevation of aldose reductase gene expression in rat primary hepatoma and hepatoma cell lines: implication in detoxification of cytotoxic aldehydes.
Int J Cancer, 62 (6): 749-54. [PMID:7558425]
8. Yamaori S, Araki N, Shionoiri M, Ikehata K, Kamijo S, Ohmori S, Watanabe K. (2018)
A Specific Probe Substrate for Evaluation of CYP4A11 Activity in Human Tissue Microsomes and a Highly Selective CYP4A11 Inhibitor: Luciferin-4A and Epalrestat.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 366 (3): 446-457. [PMID:29976573]