afamelanotide   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 1324

Synonyms: α-NDP-MSH | [Nle4,dPhe7]α-MSH | CUV-1647 | CUV1647 | NDP-MSH | Scenesse®
Approved drug
afamelanotide is an approved drug (EMA (2014), FDA (2019))
Compound class: Peptide or derivative
Comment: Afamelanotide is a synthetic analogue of α-MSH, and is a first-in-class clinically used non-selective MC receptor agonist. It is used for certain dematological applications [5-6].
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Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts

These are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts.

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View interactive charts of activity data across species
2D Structure
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2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

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Canonical SMILES CCCCC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(C(=O)N1CCCC1C(=O)NC(C(=O)N)C(C)C)CCCCN)Cc1c[nH]c2c1cccc2)CCCNC(=N)N)Cc1ccccc1)Cc1[nH]cnc1)CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C)CO)Cc1ccc(cc1)O)CO
Isomeric SMILES CCCC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N)C(C)C)CCCCN)Cc1c[nH]c2c1cccc2)CCCNC(=N)N)Cc1ccccc1)Cc1[nH]cnc1)CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C)CO)Cc1ccc(cc1)O)CO
InChI InChI=1S/C78H111N21O19/c1-5-6-19-52(91-75(116)61(41-101)97-72(113)57(34-46-24-26-49(103)27-25-46)94-74(115)60(40-100)88-44(4)102)68(109)92-54(28-29-64(105)106)70(111)96-59(36-48-38-83-42-87-48)73(114)93-56(33-45-16-8-7-9-17-45)71(112)90-53(22-14-31-84-78(81)82)69(110)95-58(35-47-37-85-51-20-11-10-18-50(47)51)67(108)86-39-63(104)89-55(21-12-13-30-79)77(118)99-32-15-23-62(99)76(117)98-65(43(2)3)66(80)107/h7-11,16-18,20,24-27,37-38,42-43,52-62,65,85,100-101,103H,5-6,12-15,19,21-23,28-36,39-41,79H2,1-4H3,(H2,80,107)(H,83,87)(H,86,108)(H,88,102)(H,89,104)(H,90,112)(H,91,116)(H,92,109)(H,93,114)(H,94,115)(H,95,110)(H,96,111)(H,97,113)(H,98,117)(H,105,106)(H4,81,82,84)/t52-,53-,54-,55-,56+,57-,58-,59-,60-,61-,62-,65-/m0/s1
InChI Key UAHFGYDRQSXQEB-LEBBXHLNSA-N
References
1. Adan RA, Szklarczyk AW, Oosterom J, Brakkee JH, Nijenhuis WA, Schaaper WM, Meloen RH, Gispen WH. (1999)
Characterization of melanocortin receptor ligands on cloned brain melanocortin receptors and on grooming behavior in the rat.
Eur J Pharmacol, 378: 249-258. [PMID:10493100]
2. Kim ES, Garnock-Jones KP. (2016)
Afamelanotide: A Review in Erythropoietic Protoporphyria.
Am J Clin Dermatol, 17 (2): 179-85. [PMID:26979527]
3. Luger TA, Böhm M. (2015)
An α-MSH analog in erythropoietic protoporphyria.
J Invest Dermatol, 135 (4): 929-931. [PMID:25785940]
4. MacNeil DJ, Howard AD, Guan X, Fong TM, Nargund RP, Bednarek MA, Goulet MT, Weinberg DH, Strack AM, Marsh DJ et al.. (2002)
The role of melanocortins in body weight regulation: opportunities for the treatment of obesity.
Eur J Pharmacol, 440 (2-3): 141-57. [PMID:12007532]
5. McNeil MM, Nahhas AF, Braunberger TL, Hamzavi IH. (2018)
Afamelanotide in the Treatment of Dermatologic Disease.
Skin Therapy Lett, 23 (6): 6-10. [PMID:30517779]
6. Minder EI, Barman-Aksoezen J, Schneider-Yin X. (2017)
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Afamelanotide and its Clinical Use in Treating Dermatologic Disorders.
Clin Pharmacokinet, 56 (8): 815-823. [PMID:28063031]
7. Sawyer TK, Sanfilippo PJ, Hruby VJ, Engel MH, Heward CB, Burnett JB, Hadley ME. (1980)
4-Norleucine, 7-D-phenylalanine-alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone: a highly potent alpha-melanotropin with ultralong biological activity.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 77 (10): 5754-8. [PMID:6777774]
8. Smith AI, Funder JW. (1988)
Proopiomelanocortin processing in the pituitary, central nervous system, and peripheral tissues.
Endocr Rev, 9: 159-179. [PMID:3286233]
9. Yang YK, Fong TM, Dickinson CJ, Mao C, Li JY, Tota MR, Mosley R, Van Der Ploeg LH, Gantz I. (2000)
Molecular determinants of ligand binding to the human melanocortin-4 receptor.
Biochemistry, 39 (48): 14900-11. [PMID:11101306]