varoglutamstat   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 13397

Synonyms: PQ-912 | PQ912
Compound class: Synthetic organic
Comment: Varoglutamstat (PQ912) is a glutaminyl cyclase inhibitor [2]. It inhibits post-translational pyroglutamyl modification at the N-terminal of substrate proteins. This modification has been identified as contributing to the neurotoxicity of amyloid-β peptides deposited in Alzheimer's disease, making glutaminyl cyclase inhibitors of therapeutic interest for disease-modifying potential [1,6].
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Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts

These are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts.

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View interactive charts of activity data across species
2D Structure
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2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

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Physico-chemical Properties
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Physico-chemical Properties

Calculated molecular properties are available for small molecules and natural products (not peptides). Properties were generated using the CDK toolkit. All properties were selected to enable the prediction of the Lipinski Rule-of-Five profile or ‘druglikeness’ for each ligand. For more info on each category see the help pages.

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Hydrogen bond acceptors 6
Hydrogen bond donors 2
Rotatable bonds 5
Topological polar surface area 65.96
Molecular weight 336.39
XLogP 1.5
No. Lipinski's rules broken 0
SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

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Canonical SMILES CCCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)[C@H]2CNC(=O)N2C3=CC4=C(C=C3)N=CN4
Isomeric SMILES CCCOC1=CC=C(C=C1)[C@H]2CNC(=O)N2C3=CC4=C(C=C3)N=CN4
InChI InChI=1S/C19H20N4O2/c1-2-9-25-15-6-3-13(4-7-15)18-11-20-19(24)23(18)14-5-8-16-17(10-14)22-12-21-16/h3-8,10,12,18H,2,9,11H2,1H3,(H,20,24)(H,21,22)/t18-/m1/s1
InChI Key XHIKZWOEFZENIX-GOSISDBHSA-N
References
1. Chen D, Chen Q, Qin X, Tong P, Peng L, Zhang T, Xia C. (2023)
Development and evolution of human glutaminyl cyclase inhibitors (QCIs): an alternative promising approach for disease-modifying treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Front Aging Neurosci, 15: 1209863. [PMID:37600512]
2. Hoffmann T, Meyer A, Heiser U, Kurat S, Böhme L, Kleinschmidt M, Bühring KU, Hutter-Paier B, Farcher M, Demuth HU et al.. (2017)
Glutaminyl Cyclase Inhibitor PQ912 Improves Cognition in Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease-Studies on Relation to Effective Target Occupancy.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 362 (1): 119-130. [PMID:28446518]
3. Scheltens P, Hallikainen M, Grimmer T, Duning T, Gouw AA, Teunissen CE, Wink AM, Maruff P, Harrison J, van Baal CM et al.. (2018)
Safety, tolerability and efficacy of the glutaminyl cyclase inhibitor PQ912 in Alzheimer's disease: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2a study.
Alzheimers Res Ther, 10 (1): 107. [PMID:30309389]
4. Vijverberg EGB, Axelsen TM, Bihlet AR, Henriksen K, Weber F, Fuchs K, Harrison JE, Kühn-Wache K, Alexandersen P, Prins ND et al.. (2021)
Rationale and study design of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase 2b trial to evaluate efficacy, safety, and tolerability of an oral glutaminyl cyclase inhibitor varoglutamstat (PQ912) in study participants with MCI and mild AD-VIVIAD.
Alzheimers Res Ther, 13 (1): 142. [PMID:34425883]
5. Yu L, Zhao P, Sun Y, Zheng Z, Du W, Zhang L, Li Y, Xie L, Xu S, Wang P. (2023)
Development of a potent benzonitrile-based inhibitor of glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-like protein (QPCTL) with antitumor efficacy.
Signal Transduct Target Ther, 8 (1): 454. [PMID:38097557]
6. Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhao Z, Peng W, Wang P, Xu X, Zhao C. (2022)
Glutaminyl cyclases, the potential targets of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
Eur J Pharmacol, 931: 175178. [PMID:35948163]