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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α

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Target not currently curated in GtoImmuPdb

Target id: 593

Nomenclature: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α

Systematic Nomenclature: NR1C1

Family: 1C. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors

Gene and Protein Information Click here for help
Species AA Chromosomal Location Gene Symbol Gene Name Reference
Human 468 22q13.31 PPARA peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha 63
Mouse 468 15 40.42 cM Ppara peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha 33
Rat 468 7q34 Ppara peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha 27
Previous and Unofficial Names Click here for help
NUC1 | nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group C member 1 | PPARalpha | PPAR
Database Links Click here for help
Alphafold
CATH/Gene3D
ChEMBL Target
DrugBank Target
Ensembl Gene
Entrez Gene
Human Protein Atlas
KEGG Gene
OMIM
Pharos
RefSeq Nucleotide
RefSeq Protein
SynPHARM
UniProtKB
Wikipedia
Selected 3D Structures Click here for help
Image of receptor 3D structure from RCSB PDB
Description:  Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (ligand binding domain) - cocrytallised with agonist
PDB Id:  1K7L
Ligand:  GW409544
Resolution:  2.5Å
Species:  Human
References:  71
Natural/Endogenous Ligands Click here for help
LTB4
pristanic acid
8S-HETE
Comments: LTB4, fatty acids and eisosanoids are natural ligands

Download all structure-activity data for this target as a CSV file go icon to follow link

Agonists Click here for help
Key to terms and symbols View all chemical structures Click column headers to sort
Ligand Sp. Action Value Parameter Reference
MK-0767 Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Agonist 6.8 – 7.6 pKd 14,55-56
pKd 6.8 – 7.6 [14,55-56]
8S-HETE Small molecule or natural product Ligand is endogenous in the given species Hs Agonist 7.0 pKd 20,77
pKd 7.0 [20,77]
GW2331 Small molecule or natural product Ligand has a PDB structure ? Agonist 6.8 pKd 42
pKd 6.8 [42]
elafibranor Small molecule or natural product Approved drug Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand has a PDB structure Hs Agonist 8.2 pEC50 60
pEC50 8.2 (EC50 6x10-9 M) [60]
GW7647 Small molecule or natural product Ligand has a PDB structure Hs Agonist 8.2 pEC50 4-5
pEC50 8.2 [4-5]
GW9578 Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Agonist 7.3 pEC50 4-6
pEC50 7.3 [4-6]
CP-775146 Small molecule or natural product Hs Agonist 7.3 pEC50 37
pEC50 7.3 [37]
imiglitazar Small molecule or natural product Hs Agonist 7.2 pEC50 62
pEC50 7.2 [62]
AZD4619 Small molecule or natural product Primary target of this compound Hs Agonist 7.1 pEC50 54
pEC50 7.1 (EC50 8x10-8 M) [54]
NS-220 Small molecule or natural product Hs Agonist 6.7 pEC50 45
pEC50 6.7 [45]
(R)-16 [PMID: 32267688] Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand has a PDB structure Hs Agonist 6.4 pEC50 28
pEC50 6.4 (EC50 4.3x10-7 M) [28]
Description: Measuring nuclear receptor modulation in Gal4-hybrid reporter gene assays conducted in transiently transfected HEK293T cells.
farglitazar Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand has a PDB structure Hs Agonist 6.3 pEC50 31,70
pEC50 6.3 [31,70]
ciprofibrate Small molecule or natural product Approved drug Primary target of this compound Hs Agonist 6.1 pEC50 59
pEC50 6.1 (EC50 9x10-7 M) [59]
Description: Transactivation of a GAL4-PPARα ligand binding domain construct.
seladelpar Small molecule or natural product Approved drug Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand has a PDB structure Hs Agonist <6.0 pEC50 79
pEC50 <6.0 (EC50 >1x10-6 M) [79]
Description: Agonist activity determined by cell based transactivation assay.
edaglitazone Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand has a PDB structure Hs Agonist 6.0 pEC50 12
pEC50 6.0 (EC50 1.053x10-6 M) [12]
Description: Measuring agonist-induced cofactor recruitment.
chiglitazar Small molecule or natural product Approved drug Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Agonist 5.9 pEC50 48
pEC50 5.9 (EC50 1.2x10-6 M) [48]
Description: Measuring transactivation by human PPARα in U-2OS cells
lanifibranor Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand has a PDB structure Hs Agonist 5.8 pEC50 1
pEC50 5.8 (EC50 1.537x10-6 M) [1]
reglitazar Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Agonist 5.7 pEC50 64
pEC50 5.7 [64]
pirinixic acid Small molecule or natural product Ligand has a PDB structure Hs Agonist 5.3 pEC50 70
pEC50 5.3 [70]
DRF 2519 Small molecule or natural product Hs Agonist 5.0 pEC50 8
pEC50 5.0 [8]
fenofibrate Small molecule or natural product Approved drug Primary target of this compound Ligand has a PDB structure Hs Agonist 4.5 pEC50 29
pEC50 4.5 (EC50 3x10-5 M) [29]
Description: In a cell based hPPAR-GAL4 transactivation assay.
pristanic acid Small molecule or natural product Ligand is endogenous in the given species Hs Agonist 4.4 pEC50 84
pEC50 4.4 [84]
bezafibrate Small molecule or natural product Approved drug Primary target of this compound Ligand has a PDB structure Hs Agonist 4.3 pEC50 29,32
pEC50 4.3 [29,32]
gemfibrozil Small molecule or natural product Approved drug Primary target of this compound Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand has a PDB structure Hs Agonist 4.2 pEC50 9
pEC50 4.2 (EC50 5.9x10-5 M) [9]
GW409544 Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand has a PDB structure Hs Agonist 8.7 pIC50 29,71
pIC50 8.7 [29,71]
LY-518674 Small molecule or natural product Hs Agonist 7.6 pIC50 73
pIC50 7.6 [73]
TZD18 Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Agonist 7.6 pIC50 26
pIC50 7.6 [26]
LY-510929 Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Agonist 7.6 pIC50 74
pIC50 7.6 [74]
LTB4 Small molecule or natural product Ligand is endogenous in the given species Ligand has a PDB structure Immunopharmacology Ligand ? Agonist 7.0 pIC50 11,44
pIC50 7.0 [11,44]
N-oleoylethanolamide Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand has a PDB structure Hs Agonist 6.9 pIC50 22-23
pIC50 6.9 [22-23]
LY-465608 Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Agonist 6.8 pIC50 3,74
pIC50 6.8 [3,74]
eicosatetranoic acid Small molecule or natural product Ligand has a PDB structure ? Agonist 6.7 pIC50 38-39
pIC50 6.7 [38-39]
ragaglitazar Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand has a PDB structure Hs Agonist 6.0 pIC50 17
pIC50 6.0 [17]
AD-5061 Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Agonist 5.6 pIC50 61-62
pIC50 5.6 [61-62]
clofibrate Small molecule or natural product Approved drug Primary target of this compound Hs Agonist 4.3 pIC50 29-30,70
pIC50 4.3 [29-30,70]
pterostilbene Small molecule or natural product Ligand has a PDB structure N/A Agonist - -
View species-specific agonist tables
Agonist Comments
Pterostilbene, tetradecylglycidic acid and ortylthiopropionic acid (OTP) are also known agonists [10,58].
Fenofibrate is selective for PPARα. In a cell-based reporter transactivation assay fenofibrate is active at PPARα with an EC50 of 30μM, compared to 300μM vs. PPARγ [29]. This assay does not address the contribution to functional activity made by the active metabolite of fenofibrate, fenofibric acid.
Antagonists Click here for help
Key to terms and symbols View all chemical structures Click column headers to sort
Ligand Sp. Action Value Parameter Reference
GW6471 Small molecule or natural product Ligand has a PDB structure Hs Antagonist 6.6 pIC50 72
pIC50 6.6 (IC50 2.4x10-7 M) [72]
MK-886 Small molecule or natural product Ligand has a PDB structure Immunopharmacology Ligand Mm Antagonist 6.0 pIC50 36
pIC50 6.0 [36]
View species-specific antagonist tables
Immuno Process Associations
Immuno Process:  Inflammation
Immuno Process:  Immune regulation
Immuno Process:  Chemotaxis & migration
DNA Binding Click here for help
Structure:  Heterodimer, RXR partner
HRE core sequence:  5'-AACTAGGNCA A AGGTCA-3'
Response element:  DR1, DR2
DNA Binding Comments
Binding on DR2 if the spacing sequence between the half-sites corresponds to that found in Rev-DR2 (AGGTCATCAGGTCA) in opposition to an alternative DR2 (AGGTCAGGAGGTCA) to which PPARα does not bind
Co-binding Partners Click here for help
Name Interaction Effect Reference
RXR Physical, Functional DNA binding 42
Main Co-regulators Click here for help
Name Activity Specific Ligand dependent AF-2 dependent Comments References
NCOR1 Co-repressor No No No 10,13,16
MED1 Co-activator No Yes Yes 83
NCOA1 Co-activator No Yes No 82
NCOA6 Co-activator No Yes Yes 7,81
HADHA Co-activator No No No 36
SMARCA2 Co-activator No No Yes 65
NRIP1 Co-repressor No Yes Yes 35,52,75
CITED2 Co-activator No Yes Yes 66
NCOA3 Co-activator No No Yes 53
PPARGC1A Co-activator No No No 68
PPARGC1B Co-activator No No No 68
CREBBP Co-activator No Yes Yes There are contradicting results for ligand-dependency 15,80
Main Target Genes Click here for help
Name Species Effect Technique Comments References
CPTI: carnitine palmitoyl transferase I Human Activated Transient transfection 2,50,76
MCAD (medium chain acyl-coA dehydrogenase) Rat Activated Transient transfection 25
Acyl-CoA oxidase Rat Activated Transient transfection 49,67
Fiat ( fasting induced adipose tissue factor) Mouse Activated 41
Bifunctional enzyme Mouse Activated Transient transfection 49
Slc27a1 Mouse Activated Transient transfection, EMSA FATP, fatty acid transport protein 21
Apolipoprotein A-II Mouse Activated Transient transfection, EMSA negative regulation of A-I 69
G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) Mouse Activated 78
Liver fatty acid binding protein Mouse Activated 10,34
Tissue Distribution Click here for help
Very active peroxisomal beta-oxidation tissues; liver, brown fat, kidney, heart, skeletal muscle, large intestine
Expression level:  High
Species:  Human
Technique:  Immunohistochemistry, Northern blot, Q-PCR, in situ hybridisation
References:  10
Phenotypes, Alleles and Disease Models Click here for help Mouse data from MGI

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Allele Composition & genetic background Accession Phenotype Id Phenotype Reference
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: 129S4/SvJae
MGI:104740  MP:0001544 abnormal cardiovascular system physiology PMID: 10801788 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
129S4/SvJae-Ppara
MGI:104740  MP:0000188 abnormal circulating glucose level PMID: 11723064 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
B6.129S4-Ppara
MGI:104740  MP:0000188 abnormal circulating glucose level PMID: 11723064 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
129S4/SvJae-Ppara
MGI:104740  MP:0000184 abnormal circulating HDL cholesterol level PMID: 11495927 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
129S4/SvJae-Ppara
MGI:104740  MP:0001560 abnormal circulating insulin level PMID: 11723064 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
B6.129S4-Ppara
MGI:104740  MP:0001560 abnormal circulating insulin level PMID: 11723064 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
129S4/SvJae-Ppara
MGI:104740  MP:0003457 abnormal circulating ketone body level PMID: 10377439 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6N
MGI:104740  MP:0001216 abnormal epidermal layer morphology PMID: 12485431 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: C57BL/6
MGI:104740  MP:0001216 abnormal epidermal layer morphology PMID: 10951268 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6N
MGI:104740  MP:0001240 abnormal epidermis stratum corneum morphology PMID: 12485431 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
129S4/SvJae-Ppara
MGI:104740  MP:0002078 abnormal glucose homeostasis PMID: 10377439 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6J
MGI:104740  MP:0002078 abnormal glucose homeostasis PMID: 16054054 
Pparatm1Gonz|Tg(Ckm-Ppard)LEDpk Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz,Tg(Ckm-Ppard)LEDpk/0
involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6 * C57BL/6J * CBA
MGI:104740  MGI:4429474  MP:0005291 abnormal glucose tolerance PMID: 16054054 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6N
MGI:104740  MP:0000607 abnormal hepatocyte morphology PMID: 7539101 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: C57BL/6
MGI:104740  MP:0002656 abnormal keratinocyte differentiation PMID: 10951268 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6J
MGI:104740  MP:0004130 abnormal muscle cell glucose uptake PMID: 16054054 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6N
MGI:104740  MP:0000278 abnormal myocardial fiber morphology PMID: 9739042 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: 129S4/SvJae
MGI:104740  MP:0000278 abnormal myocardial fiber morphology PMID: 10801788 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: 129S4/SvJae
MGI:104740  MP:0004215 abnormal myocardial fiber physiology PMID: 10801788 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
129S4/SvJae-Ppara
MGI:104740  MP:0005329 abnormal myocardium layer morphology PMID: 10377439 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: 129S4/SvJae
MGI:104740  MP:0006055 abnormal vascular endothelial cell morphology PMID: 10801788 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: 129S4/SvJae
MGI:104740  MP:0003141 cardiac fibrosis PMID: 10801788 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6N
MGI:104740  MP:0005330 cardiomyopathy PMID: 12552126 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: 129S4/SvJae
MGI:104740  MP:0005330 cardiomyopathy PMID: 10801788 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: 129S4/SvJae
MGI:104740  MP:0005560 decreased circulating glucose level PMID: 16054078 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6N
MGI:104740  MP:0005439 decreased glycogen level PMID: 9739042 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: C57BL/6
MGI:104740  MP:0009605 decreased keratohyalin granule number PMID: 10951268 
Ldlrtm1Her|Pparatm1Gonz Ldlrtm1Her/Ldlrtm1Her,Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: 129S4/SvJae * 129S7/SvEvBrd * C57BL/6
MGI:104740  MGI:96765  MP:0003961 decreased lean body mass PMID: 12847522 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: 129S4/SvJae
MGI:104740  MP:0006264 decreased systemic arterial systolic blood pressure PMID: 10801788 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6N
MGI:104740  MP:0002908 delayed wound healing PMID: 11514592 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6N
MGI:104740  MP:0000599 enlarged liver PMID: 7539101 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
129S4/SvJae-Ppara
MGI:104740  MP:0000599 enlarged liver PMID: 10377439 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: 129S4/SvJae
MGI:104740  MP:0001853 heart inflammation PMID: 10801788 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6N
MGI:104740  MP:0002628 hepatic steatosis PMID: 7539101  9739042 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
129S4/SvJae-Ppara
MGI:104740  MP:0002628 hepatic steatosis PMID: 10377439  11495927 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
B6.129S4-Ppara
MGI:104740  MP:0002628 hepatic steatosis PMID: 11495927 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6N
MGI:104740  MP:0000189 hypoglycemia PMID: 9739042 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: 129S4/SvJae
MGI:104740  MP:0001596 hypotension PMID: 10801788 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6J
MGI:104740  MP:0005292 improved glucose tolerance PMID: 16054054 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
129S4/SvJae-Ppara
MGI:104740  MP:0001260 increased body weight PMID: 11495927 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
129S4/SvJae-Ppara
MGI:104740  MP:0005178 increased circulating cholesterol level PMID: 11495927 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: 129S4/SvJae
MGI:104740  MP:0005178 increased circulating cholesterol level PMID: 16054078 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
129S4/SvJae-Ppara
MGI:104740  MP:0001554 increased circulating free fatty acid level PMID: 10377439 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: 129S4/SvJae
MGI:104740  MP:0001554 increased circulating free fatty acid level PMID: 16054078 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: 129S4/SvJae
MGI:104740  MP:0002079 increased circulating insulin level PMID: 16054078 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
B6.129S4-Ppara
MGI:104740  MP:0001552 increased circulating triglyceride level PMID: 11495927 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
129S4/SvJae-Ppara
MGI:104740  MP:0009285 increased gonadal fat pad weight PMID: 11495927 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
B6.129S4-Ppara
MGI:104740  MP:0009285 increased gonadal fat pad weight PMID: 11495927 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6J
MGI:104740  MP:0002891 increased insulin sensitivity PMID: 16054054 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6N
MGI:104740  MP:0009763 increased sensitivity to induced morbidity/mortality PMID: 9739042 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
129S4/SvJae-Ppara
MGI:104740  MP:0009763 increased sensitivity to induced morbidity/mortality PMID: 10377439 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6J
MGI:104740  MP:0005658 increased susceptibility to diet-induced obesity PMID: 16054054 
Ldlrtm1Her|Pparatm1Gonz Ldlrtm1Her/Ldlrtm1Her,Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: 129S4/SvJae * 129S7/SvEvBrd * C57BL/6
MGI:104740  MGI:96765  MP:0010024 increased total body fat amount PMID: 12847522 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6J
MGI:104740  MP:0005317 increased triglyceride level PMID: 16054054 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
129S4/SvJae-Ppara
MGI:104740  MP:0005331 insulin resistance PMID: 11723064 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: 129S4/SvJae
MGI:104740  MP:0004566 myocardial fiber degeneration PMID: 10801788 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: 129S4/SvJae
MGI:104740  MP:0006085 myocardial necrosis PMID: 10801788 
Pparatm1Gonz Pparatm1Gonz/Pparatm1Gonz
involves: C57BL/6
MGI:104740  MP:0009598 thin epidermis stratum granulosum PMID: 10951268 
Clinically-Relevant Mutations and Pathophysiology Click here for help
Disease:  Arteriosclerosis
Disease Ontology: DOID:2349
References:  40,43
Gene Expression and Pathophysiology Click here for help
PPARα delta 13:-dominant negative mutant
Tissue or cell type:  in vivo
Pathophysiology:  Transient impaired wound healing ; inflammatory phase impaired
Species:  Mouse
Technique:  in vivo generation of transgenic mouse
References:  50
Cardio-specific PPARα overexpression.
Tissue or cell type:  Cardiac vascular
Pathophysiology:  Cardiac insulin resistance associated with defects in insulin signaling and STAT3 activity, reduced heart function.
Species:  Mouse
Technique:  Transgenic mouse produced by microinjection of MHC-PPAR construct into fertilized one-cell C57BL/6CBA/J embryos.
References:  19,57
PPARα knockout
Tissue or cell type:  in vivo
Pathophysiology:  Hypothermia and hypoglycemia upon fasting, reduced insulin resistance, prolonged inflammatory reaction, transient delay in skin healing, resistance to fibrate induced cancer
Species:  Mouse
Technique:  in vivo knockout
References:  11,24,41,46-47,51,58
PPARα overexpression in muscle
Tissue or cell type:  Myocytes
Pathophysiology:  Development of glucose intolerance, increased fatty acid oxidation rates, reduced AMP-activated protein kinase activity, reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, repression of GLUT4 gene
Species:  Mouse
Technique:  in vivo generation of transgenic mouse
References:  18

References

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1. Boubia B, Poupardin O, Barth M, Binet J, Peralba P, Mounier L, Jacquier E, Gauthier E, Lepais V, Chatar M et al.. (2018) Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of a Novel Series of Indole Sulfonamide Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor (PPAR) α/γ/δ Triple Activators: Discovery of Lanifibranor, a New Antifibrotic Clinical Candidate. J Med Chem, 61 (6): 2246-2265. [PMID:29446942]

2. Brandt JM, Djouadi F, Kelly DP. (1998) Fatty acids activate transcription of the muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase I gene in cardiac myocytes via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha. J Biol Chem, 273 (37): 23786-92. [PMID:9726988]

3. Brooks DA, Etgen GJ, Rito CJ, Shuker AJ, Dominianni SJ, Warshawsky AM, Ardecky R, Paterniti JR, Tyhonas J, Karanewsky DS, Kauffman RF, Broderick CL, Oldham BA, Montrose-Rafizadeh C, Winneroski LL, Faul MM, McCarthy JR. (2001) Design and synthesis of 2-methyl-2-[4-(2-[5-methyl-2-aryloxazol-4-yl]ethoxy)phenoxy]propionic acids: a new class of dual PPARalpha/gamma agonists. J Med Chem, 44 (13): 2061-4. [PMID:11405642]

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1C. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α. Last modified on 09/06/2023. Accessed on 04/10/2024. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY, https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=593.