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SST3 receptor

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Target not currently curated in GtoImmuPdb

Target id: 357

Nomenclature: SST3 receptor

Family: Somatostatin receptors

Contents:

Gene and Protein Information Click here for help
class A G protein-coupled receptor
Species TM AA Chromosomal Location Gene Symbol Gene Name Reference
Human 7 418 22q13.1 SSTR3 somatostatin receptor 3 4,46-47
Mouse 7 428 15 37.55 cM Sstr3 somatostatin receptor 3 49
Rat 7 428 7q34 Sstr3 somatostatin receptor 3 24
Previous and Unofficial Names Click here for help
SRIF1C | somatostatin receptor 28 | SSR-28
Database Links Click here for help
Specialist databases
GPCRDB ssr3_human (Hs), ssr3_mouse (Mm), ssr3_rat (Rn)
Other databases
ChEMBL Target CHEMBL2028 (Hs), CHEMBL2238 (Mm), CHEMBL3340 (Rn)
Ensembl Gene ENSG00000183473 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000044933 (Mm), ENSRNOG00000007332 (Rn)
Entrez Gene 6753 (Hs), 20607 (Mm), 171044 (Rn)
Human Protein Atlas ENSG00000183473 (Hs)
KEGG Gene hsa:6753 (Hs), mmu:20607 (Mm), rno:171044 (Rn)
OMIM 182453 (Hs)
Pharos P32745 (Hs)
RefSeq Nucleotide NM_001051 (Hs), NM_009218 (Mm), NM_133522 (Rn)
RefSeq Protein NP_001042 (Hs), NP_033244 (Mm), NP_598206 (Rn)
UniProtKB P32745 (Hs), P30935 (Mm), P30936 (Rn)
Wikipedia SSTR3 (Hs)
Natural/Endogenous Ligands Click here for help
cortistatin-14 {Sp: Mouse, Rat}
CST-17 {Sp: Human}
SRIF-14 {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat}
SRIF-28 {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat}
Comments: SRIF-14 and SRIF-28 are the active fragments of precursor somatostatin

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Agonists
Key to terms and symbols View all chemical structures Click column headers to sort
Ligand Sp. Action Value Parameter Reference
[125I]Tyr10-CST14 Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is labelled Ligand is radioactive Hs Full agonist 10.1 pKd 40-41
⤷ pKd 10.1 [40-41]
[125I]LTT-SRIF-28 Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is labelled Ligand is radioactive Hs Full agonist 9.4 – 10.3 pKd 4,33,40-41
⤷ pKd 9.7 – 10.3 [4,40-41]
pKd 9.4 [33]
[125I]Tyr7-Sst3-ODN-8 Peptide Ligand is labelled Ligand is radioactive Hs Full agonist 9.6 pKd 32
⤷ pKd 9.6 [32]
cortistatin-14 {Sp: Mouse, Rat} Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is endogenous in the given species Hs Full agonist 9.1 – 9.9 pKi 40-41
⤷ pKi 9.1 – 9.9 [40-41]
SRIF-14 {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is endogenous in the given species Hs Full agonist 8.7 – 10.0 pKi 2,4-5,26,28,33,40-41,48
⤷ pKi 8.7 – 10.0 [2,4-5,26,28,33,40-41,48]
CST-17 {Sp: Human} Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is endogenous in the given species Hs Full agonist 8.7 – 9.9 pKi 5,40-41
⤷ pKi 8.7 – 9.9 [5,40-41]
BN-81,644 Small molecule or natural product Hs Full agonist 9.2 pKi 28
⤷ pKi 9.2 [28]
SRIF-28 {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is endogenous in the given species Rn Full agonist 9.1 pKi 23
⤷ pKi 9.1 [23]
SRIF-28 {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is endogenous in the given species Hs Full agonist 8.1 – 9.9 pKi 2,4-5,23,26,40-41
⤷ pKi 8.1 – 9.9 [2,4-5,23,26,40-41]
SRIF-14 {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is endogenous in the given species Rn Full agonist 8.9 pKi 23
⤷ pKi 8.9 [23]
octreotide Peptide Approved drug Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Full agonist 7.4 – 8.6 pKi 2,4,26,40-41,48
⤷ pKi 7.4 – 8.6 [2,4,26,40-41,48]
lanreotide Peptide Approved drug Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Full agonist 7.2 – 8.0 pKi 2,26,40-41
⤷ pKi 7.2 – 8.0 [2,26,40-41]
L-796,778 Small molecule or natural product Hs Full agonist 7.6 pKi 33
⤷ pKi 7.6 [33]
BIM 23030 Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Full agonist 7.2 – 7.8 pKi 40-41
⤷ pKi 7.2 – 7.8 [40-41]
pasireotide Peptide Approved drug Primary target of this compound Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Full agonist 8.8 pIC50 36
⤷ pIC50 8.8 [36]
[111In]DOTA-BOC-ATE Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is labelled Ligand is radioactive Hs Full agonist 8.3 pIC50 9
⤷ pIC50 8.3 [9]
[111In]DOTA-NOC Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is labelled Ligand is radioactive Hs Full agonist 8.1 pIC50 45
⤷ pIC50 8.1 [45]
[111In]DOTA-NOC-ATE Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is labelled Ligand is radioactive Hs Full agonist 7.9 pIC50 9
⤷ pIC50 7.9 [9]
[111In,90Y]DOTA-NOC Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is labelled Ligand is radioactive Hs Full agonist 7.6 pIC50 45
⤷ pIC50 7.6 [45]
[111In,90Y]DOTA-OC Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is labelled Ligand is radioactive Hs Full agonist 7.6 pIC50 45
⤷ pIC50 7.6 [45]
[111In,90Y]DOTA-LAN Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is labelled Ligand is radioactive Hs Full agonist 6.5 pIC50 45
⤷ pIC50 6.5 [45]
[111In,90Y]DOTA-TOC Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is labelled Ligand is radioactive Hs Full agonist 6.4 pIC50 45
⤷ pIC50 6.4 [45]
View species-specific agonist tables
Antagonists
Key to terms and symbols View all chemical structures Click column headers to sort
Ligand Sp. Action Value Parameter Reference
ACQ090 Small molecule or natural product Hs Antagonist 7.9 pKi 13
⤷ pKi 7.9 [13]
MK-4256 Small molecule or natural product Hs Antagonist 9.2 pIC50 10
⤷ pIC50 9.2 (IC50 6.6x10-10 M) [10]
sst3-ODN-8 Peptide Hs Antagonist 8.2 pIC50 32
⤷ pIC50 8.2 [32]
Primary Transduction Mechanisms Click here for help
Transducer Effector/Response
Gi/Go family Adenylate cyclase inhibition
References:  16,38,49
Tissue Distribution Click here for help
Other structures: kidney
Species:  Human
Technique:  Immunohistochemistry
References:  22
Anterior pituitary, pancreatic islets, enteric ganglion cells of the intestine, non-functioning, ACTH- and GH-producing pituitary adenomas
Species:  Human
Technique:  Immunohistochemistry
References:  22
Immune system: mast cells
Species:  Human
Technique:  Immunohistochemistry
References:  22
Cerebellum (Purkinje cells and Golgi cells), frontal cortex (pyramidal cells), hippocampus (CA1-4 subfields and some granule cells of the dentate gyrus).
Species:  Human
Technique:  RT-PCR and in situ hybridisation.
References:  35
CNS: cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, cerebellum
Species:  Human
Technique:  Immunohistochemistry
References:  14
PNS: enteric ganglion cells
Species:  Human
Technique:  Immunohistochemistry
References:  22
Endocrine system: anterior pituitary , endocrine pancreas, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, ovary
Species:  Human
Technique:  Immunohistochemistry
References:  15,22
Primary neuronal cilia.
Species:  Mouse
Technique:  Electron microscopy, Immunohistochemistry
References:  14
Cortex, hippocampus (indeseum griseum, granular layer of the dentate gyrus, piriform cortex, amygdaloid nuclei), amygdala, habenula, hypothalamus, cerebellum (granular cell layer and interpositus cerebellar nuclei).
Species:  Rat
Technique:  Immunocytochemistry
References:  11
Expression Datasets Click here for help

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Log average relative transcript abundance in mouse tissues measured by qPCR from Regard, J.B., Sato, I.T., and Coughlin, S.R. (2008). Anatomical profiling of G protein-coupled receptor expression. Cell, 135(3): 561-71. [PMID:18984166] [Raw data: website]

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Functional Assays Click here for help
Measurement of cAMP accumulation (AC activity) in CHO-K1 cells stably transfected with human sst3 receptors.
Species:  Human
Tissue:  CHO-K1 cells.
Response measured:  Inhibition of cAMP accumulation.
References:  28
Measurement of NHE1 (Na-H exchanger) activity (pH recovery) in Ltk- cells stably expressing rat sst3 receptors.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  Mouse fibroblast Ltk- cells.
Response measured:  Inhibition of NHE1 activity.
References:  21
Measurement of PLC activity in CCL39 cells stably transfected with human sst3 receptors.
Species:  Human
Tissue:  CCL39 cells.
Response measured:  Stimulation of PLC activity.
References:  39
Measurement of protein tyrosine phosphatase and Raf-1 activity in NIH 3T3 cells stably transfected with human sst3 receptors.
Species:  Human
Tissue:  NIH 3T3 cells.
Response measured:  Activation of protein tyrosine phosphatase, inactivation of Raf-1 serine kinase.
References:  30
Measurement of cAMP accumulation (AC activity) in HEK 293 cells stably transfected with human sst3 receptors.
Species:  Human
Tissue:  HEK 293 cells.
Response measured:  Inhibition of cAMP accumulation.
References:  16
Measurement of AC activity (cAMP levels) in CCL39 cells stably transfected with human sst3 receptors.
Species:  Human
Tissue:  CCL39 cells.
Response measured:  Inhibition of AC activity.
References:  38
Measurement of GIRK currents (inward potassium currents) in Xenopus oocyte cells stably transfected with rat sst3 receptors and GIRK1 channels.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  Xenopus oocytes.
Response measured:  Activation of GIRK current.
References:  17
Measurement of AC activity (cAMP accumulation) in COS-1 cells stably expressing mouse sst3 receptors.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  COS-1 cells.
Response measured:  Inhibition of AC activity.
References:  49
Measurement of NOS activity (NO production) in CHO-K1 cells stably transfected with rat sst3 receptors.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  CHO-K1 cells.
Response measured:  Inhibition of NO production.
References:  1
SOM230 and octreotide induce internalization, signaling and rapid down-regulation of human sst3 receptors
Species:  Human
Tissue:  HEK 293 cells
Response measured:  Time-dependent ERK1/2 activation measured by ELISA, Western blot analysis.
References:  19
Human somatostatin receptor (sst) subtypes sst2A and sst3 exist as homodimers at the plasma membrane.
Species:  Human
Tissue:  HEK 293 cells
Response measured:  Immuncytochemistry and co-immunoprecipitation
References:  27
Somatostatin inhibits tumor angiogenesis through inhibition of both eNOS and MAPK activities
Species:  Human
Tissue:  Human EAhy926 cell line; KS cell cultures
Response measured:  In vivo angiogenesis, cell survival studies, cell proliferation studies, determination of nitric oxide production and Western blot analysis
References:  8
Human sst3 interacts with the multiple PDZ protein MUPP1
Species:  Human
Tissue:  MCF7 cells
Response measured:  Immuncytochemistry and co-immunoprecipitation
References:  20
Sst3 traffics through Rab4-, Rab21-, and Rab11-containing endosomes, but largely bypasses Rab5 and Rab7 endosomes
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  IMCD3
Response measured:  Immunofluorescence microscopy and live cell imaging
References:  42
Agonist-dependent internalization of the rat sst3 requires four hydroxyl amino acids (Ser341, Ser346, Ser351, Thr357) in the receptor C terminus
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  HEK 293 cells
Response measured:  Co-immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis
References:  34
α-adaptin, clathrin and Rab11 colocalize with the receptor. Agonist-induced endocytosis of sst3 depends on its interaction with β-arrestin.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  Neuroendocrine rat insulinoma 1046-38
Response measured:  Immuncytochemistry and electron microscopy
References:  18
Physiological Functions Click here for help
Inhibition of IL-2 secretion and cell proliferation.
Species:  Human
Tissue:  T cells (Jurkat)
References:  3
Inhibition of GH release (with sst2).
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  Hepatocytes (liver cells).
References:  25

References

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1. Arena S, Pattarozzi A, Corsaro A, Schettini G, Florio T. (2005) Somatostatin receptor subtype-dependent regulation of nitric oxide release: involvement of different intracellular pathways. Mol. Endocrinol., 19 (1): 255-67. [PMID:15388796]

2. Bruns C, Raulf F, Hoyer D, Schloos J, Lübbert H, Weckbecker G. (1996) Binding properties of somatostatin receptor subtypes. Metab. Clin. Exp., 45 (8 Suppl 1): 17-20. [PMID:8769372]

3. Cardoso A, el Ghamrawy C, Gautron JP, Horvat B, Gautier N, Enjalbert A, Krantic S. (1998) Somatostatin increases mitogen-induced IL-2 secretion and proliferation of human Jurkat T cells via sst3 receptor isotype. J. Cell. Biochem., 68 (1): 62-73. [PMID:9407314]

4. Corness JD, Demchyshyn LL, Seeman P, Van Tol HH, Srikant CB, Kent G, Patel YC, Niznik HB. (1993) A human somatostatin receptor (SSTR3), located on chromosome 22, displays preferential affinity for somatostatin-14 like peptides. FEBS Lett., 321 (2-3): 279-84. [PMID:8097479]

5. Engström M, Tomperi J, El-Darwish K, Ahman M, Savola JM, Wurster S. (2005) Superagonism at the human somatostatin receptor subtype 4. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 312 (1): 332-8. [PMID:15333679]

6. Erchegyi J, Hoeger CA, Low W, Hoyer D, Waser B, Eltschinger V, Schaer JC, Cescato R, Reubi JC, Rivier JE. (2005) Somatostatin receptor 1 selective analogues: 2. N(alpha)-Methylated scan. J Med Chem, 48: 507-514. [PMID:15658864]

7. Feuerbach D, Fehlmann D, Nunn C, Siehler S, Langenegger D, Bouhelal R, Seuwen K, Hoyer D. (2000) Cloning, expression and pharmacological characterisation of the mouse somatostatin sst(5) receptor. Neuropharmacology, 39 (8): 1451-62. [PMID:10818261]

8. Florio T, Morini M, Villa V, Arena S, Corsaro A, Thellung S, Culler MD, Pfeffer U, Noonan DM, Schettini G et al.. (2003) Somatostatin inhibits tumor angiogenesis and growth via somatostatin receptor-3-mediated regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and mitogen-activated protein kinase activities. Endocrinology, 144 (4): 1574-84. [PMID:12639942]

9. Ginj M, Chen J, Walter MA, Eltschinger V, Reubi JC, Maecke HR. (2005) Preclinical evaluation of new and highly potent analogues of octreotide for predictive imaging and targeted radiotherapy. Clin. Cancer Res., 11 (3): 1136-45. [PMID:15709181]

10. He S, Ye Z, Truong Q, Shah S, Du W, Guo L, Dobbelaar PH, Lai Z, Liu J, Jian T et al.. (2012) The Discovery of MK-4256, a Potent SSTR3 Antagonist as a Potential Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. ACS Med Chem Lett, 3 (6): 484-9. [PMID:24900499]

11. Hervieu G, Emson PC. (1999) Visualisation of somatostatin receptor sst(3) in the rat central nervous system. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res., 71 (2): 290-303. [PMID:10521583]

12. Hocart SJ, Jain R, Murphy WA, Taylor JE, Morgan B, Coy DH. (1998) Potent antagonists of somatostatin: synthesis and biology. J. Med. Chem., 41 (7): 1146-54. [PMID:9544214]

13. Hoyer D, Vassout A, Gentsch C, Enz A, Vigouret JM, Jaton A, Schoeffter P, Kelly P, Wrynn A, Hurth K, Troxler T. (2004) Functional characterization of NVP ACQ090, a somatostatin sst3 receptor antagonist. Soc Neurosci Abstracts,: -.

14. Händel M, Schulz S, Stanarius A, Schreff M, Erdtmann-Vourliotis M, Schmidt H, Wolf G, Höllt V. (1999) Selective targeting of somatostatin receptor 3 to neuronal cilia. Neuroscience, 89 (3): 909-26. [PMID:10199624]

15. Iwanaga T, Miki T, Takahashi-Iwanaga H. (2011) Restricted expression of somatostatin receptor 3 to primary cilia in the pancreatic islets and adenohypophysis of mice. Biomed. Res., 32 (1): 73-81. [PMID:21383513]

16. Kaupmann K, Bruns C, Hoyer D, Seuwen K, Lubbert H. (1993) Distribution and second messenger coupling of four somatostatin receptor subtypes expressed in brain. FEBS Lett, 331: 53-59. [PMID:8405411]

17. Kreienkamp HJ, Hönck HH, Richter D. (1997) Coupling of rat somatostatin receptor subtypes to a G-protein gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel (GIRK1). FEBS Lett., 419 (1): 92-4. [PMID:9426226]

18. Kreuzer OJ, Krisch B, Déry O, Bunnett NW, Meyerhof W. (2001) Agonist-mediated endocytosis of rat somatostatin receptor subtype 3 involves beta-arrestin and clathrin coated vesicles. J. Neuroendocrinol., 13 (3): 279-87. [PMID:11207943]

19. Lesche S, Lehmann D, Nagel F, Schmid HA, Schulz S. (2009) Differential effects of octreotide and pasireotide on somatostatin receptor internalization and trafficking in vitro. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 94 (2): 654-61. [PMID:19001514]

20. Liew CW, Vockel M, Glassmeier G, Brandner JM, Fernandez-Ballester GJ, Schwarz JR, Schulz S, Buck F, Serrano L, Richter D et al.. (2009) Interaction of the human somatostatin receptor 3 with the multiple PDZ domain protein MUPP1 enables somatostatin to control permeability of epithelial tight junctions. FEBS Lett., 583 (1): 49-54. [PMID:19071123]

21. Lin CY, Varma MG, Joubel A, Madabushi S, Lichtarge O, Barber DL. (2003) Conserved motifs in somatostatin, D2-dopamine, and alpha 2B-adrenergic receptors for inhibiting the Na-H exchanger, NHE1. J. Biol. Chem., 278 (17): 15128-35. [PMID:12566440]

22. Lupp A, Nagel F, Doll C, Röcken C, Evert M, Mawrin C, Saeger W, Schulz S. (2012) Reassessment of sst3 somatostatin receptor expression in human normal and neoplastic tissues using the novel rabbit monoclonal antibody UMB-5. Neuroendocrinology, 96 (4): 301-10. [PMID:22414742]

23. Meyerhof W. (1998) The elucidation of somatostatin receptor functions: a current view. Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol., 133: 55-108. [PMID:9600011]

24. Meyerhof W, Wulfsen I, Schönrock C, Fehr S, Richter D. (1992) Molecular cloning of a somatostatin-28 receptor and comparison of its expression pattern with that of a somatostatin-14 receptor in rat brain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 89 (21): 10267-71. [PMID:1279674]

25. Murray RD, Kim K, Ren SG, Chelly M, Umehara Y, Melmed S. (2004) Central and peripheral actions of somatostatin on the growth hormone-IGF-I axis. J. Clin. Invest., 114 (3): 349-56. [PMID:15286801]

26. Patel YC, Srikant CB. (1994) Subtype selectivity of peptide analogs for all five cloned human somatostatin receptors (hsstr 1-5). Endocrinology, 135 (6): 2814-7. [PMID:7988476]

27. Pfeiffer M, Koch T, Schröder H, Klutzny M, Kirscht S, Kreienkamp HJ, Höllt V, Schulz S. (2001) Homo- and heterodimerization of somatostatin receptor subtypes. Inactivation of sst(3) receptor function by heterodimerization with sst(2A). J. Biol. Chem., 276 (17): 14027-36. [PMID:11134004]

28. Poitout L, Roubert P, Contour-Galcéra MO, Moinet C, Lannoy J, Pommier J, Plas P, Bigg D, Thurieau C. (2001) Identification of potent non-peptide somatostatin antagonists with sst(3) selectivity. J. Med. Chem., 44 (18): 2990-3000. [PMID:11520208]

29. Raynor K, Murphy WA, Coy DH, Taylor JE, Moreau JP, Yasuda K, Bell GI, Reisine T. (1993) Cloned somatostatin receptors: identification of subtype-selective peptides and demonstration of high affinity binding of linear peptides. Mol. Pharmacol., 43 (6): 838-44. [PMID:8100350]

30. Reardon DB, Wood SL, Brautigan DL, Bell GI, Dent P, Sturgill TW. (1996) Activation of a protein tyrosine phosphatase and inactivation of Raf-1 by somatostatin. Biochem. J., 314 ( Pt 2): 401-4. [PMID:8670047]

31. Reubi JC, Eisenwiener KP, Rink H, Waser B, Mäcke HR. (2002) A new peptidic somatostatin agonist with high affinity to all five somatostatin receptors. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 456 (1-3): 45-9. [PMID:12450568]

32. Reubi JC, Schaer JC, Wenger S, Hoeger C, Erchegyi J, Waser B, Rivier J. (2000) SST3-selective potent peptidic somatostatin receptor antagonists. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 97 (25): 13973-8. [PMID:11095748]

33. Rohrer SP, Birzin ET, Mosley RT, Berk SC, Hutchins SM, Shen DM, Xiong Y, Hayes EC, Parmar RM, Foor F et al.. (1998) Rapid identification of subtype-selective agonists of the somatostatin receptor through combinatorial chemistry. Science, 282 (5389): 737-40. [PMID:9784130]

34. Roth A, Kreienkamp HJ, Meyerhof W, Richter D. (1997) Phosphorylation of four amino acid residues in the carboxyl terminus of the rat somatostatin receptor subtype 3 is crucial for its desensitization and internalization. J. Biol. Chem., 272 (38): 23769-74. [PMID:9295322]

35. Schindler M, Harrington KA, Humphrey PP, Emson PC. (1995) Cellular localisation and co-expression of somatostatin receptor messenger RNAs in the human brain. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res., 34 (2): 321-6. [PMID:8750836]

36. Schmid HA, Schoeffter P. (2004) Functional activity of the multiligand analog SOM230 at human recombinant somatostatin receptor subtypes supports its usefulness in neuroendocrine tumors. Neuroendocrinology, 80 Suppl 1: 47-50. [PMID:15477717]

37. Shimon I, Taylor JE, Dong JZ, Bitonte RA, Kim S, Morgan B, Coy DH, Culler MD, Melmed S. (1997) Somatostatin receptor subtype specificity in human fetal pituitary cultures. Differential role of SSTR2 and SSTR5 for growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and prolactin regulation. J. Clin. Invest., 99 (4): 789-98. [PMID:9045884]

38. Siehler S, Hoyer D. (1999) Characterisation of human recombinant somatostatin receptors. 3. Modulation of adenylate cyclase activity. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 360: 510-521. [PMID:10598790]

39. Siehler S, Hoyer D. (1999) Characterisation of human recombinant somatostatin receptors. 4. Modulation of phospholipase C activity. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol., 360 (5): 522-32. [PMID:10598791]

40. Siehler S, Seuwen K, Hoyer D. (1998) [125I]Tyr10-cortistatin14 labels all five somatostatin receptors. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol., 357 (5): 483-9. [PMID:9650799]

41. Siehler S, Seuwen K, Hoyer D. (1999) Characterisation of human recombinant somatostatin receptors. 1. Radioligand binding studies. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol., 360 (5): 488-99. [PMID:10598788]

42. Tower-Gilchrist C, Lee E, Sztul E. (2011) Endosomal trafficking of the G protein-coupled receptor somatostatin receptor 3. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 413 (4): 555-60. [PMID:21925142]

43. Tulipano G, Soldi D, Bagnasco M, Culler MD, Taylor JE, Cocchi D, Giustina A. (2002) Characterization of new selective somatostatin receptor subtype-2 (sst2) antagonists, BIM-23627 and BIM-23454. Effects of BIM-23627 on GH release in anesthetized male rats after short-term high-dose dexamethasone treatment. Endocrinology, 143: 1218-1224. [PMID:11897676]

44. Viollet C, Bodenant C, Prunotto C, Roosterman D, Schaefer J, Meyerhof W, Epelbaum J, Vaudry H, Leroux P. (1997) Differential expression of multiple somatostatin receptors in the rat cerebellum during development. J. Neurochem., 68 (6): 2263-72. [PMID:9166718]

45. Wild D, Schmitt JS, Ginj M, Mäcke HR, Bernard BF, Krenning E, De Jong M, Wenger S, Reubi JC. (2003) DOTA-NOC, a high-affinity ligand of somatostatin receptor subtypes 2, 3 and 5 for labelling with various radiometals. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging, 30 (10): 1338-47. [PMID:12937948]

46. Yamada Y, Reisine T, Law SF, Ihara Y, Kubota A, Kagimoto S, Seino M, Seino Y, Bell GI, Seino S. (1992) Somatostatin receptors, an expanding gene family: cloning and functional characterization of human SSTR3, a protein coupled to adenylyl cyclase. Mol. Endocrinol., 6 (12): 2136-42. [PMID:1337145]

47. Yamada Y, Stoffel M, Espinosa 3rd R, Xiang KS, Seino M, Seino S, Le Beau MM, Bell GI. (1993) Human somatostatin receptor genes: localization to human chromosomes 14, 17, and 22 and identification of simple tandem repeat polymorphisms. Genomics, 15 (2): 449-52. [PMID:8449518]

48. Yang L, Berk SC, Rohrer SP, Mosley RT, Guo L, Underwood DJ, Arison BH, Birzin ET, Hayes EC, Mitra SW et al.. (1998) Synthesis and biological activities of potent peptidomimetics selective for somatostatin receptor subtype 2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 95 (18): 10836-41. [PMID:9724791]

49. Yasuda K, Rens-Domiano S, Breder CD, Law SF, Saper CB, Reisine T, Bell GI. (1992) Cloning of a novel somatostatin receptor, SSTR3, coupled to adenylylcyclase. J Biol Chem, 267: 20422-20428. [PMID:1328199]

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