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Coronaviruses are large, often spherical, enveloped, single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses, ranging in size from 80-220 nm. Their genomes and protein structures are highly conserved. Three coronaviruses have emerged over the last 20 years as serious human pathogens: SARS-CoV was identified as the causative agent in an outbreak in 2002-2003, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) CoV emerged in 2012 and the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 emerged in 2019-2020. SARS-CoV-2 is the virus responsible for the infectious disease termed COVID-19 (WHO Technical Guidance 2020).
CoV Envelope protein
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CoV 3C-like (main) protease
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CoV Membrane glycoprotein
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CoV Non-structural protein 6
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CoV Non-structural protein 7b
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CoV Non-structural protein 8
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CoV Nucleoprotein
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CoV Papain-like protease
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CoV Protein 3a
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CoV Protein 7a
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CoV Protein 9b
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CoV Replicase polyprotein 1a
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CoV Replicase polyprotein 1ab
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CoV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
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CoV Spike glycoprotein
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Database page citation (select format):
Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY citation:
Alexander SPH, Kelly E, Mathie A, Peters JA, Veale EL, Armstrong JF, Faccenda E, Harding SD, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, Southan C, Buneman OP, Cidlowski JA, Christopoulos A, Davenport AP, Fabbro D, Spedding M, Striessnig J, Davies JA; CGTP Collaborators. (2019) The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20: Introduction and Other Protein Targets. Br J Pharmacol. 176 Issue S1: S1-S20.
SARS-CoV-2 causes fewer fatalities than either of its predecessors MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, but it is far more transmissible [10].