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Antibacterial Data In GtoPdb

Quick links: Resources | Inclusion Criteria | Data Content | Citing | Ligands | Targets

Introduction

Modern medicine has been transformed by the discovery and use of antibacterial drugs, allowing previously fatal infectious diseases to be treated, enabling vital medical procedures to be carried out, and to prevent infection. However, the future utility of these therapies is threatened by a reduction in the development of new antibacterial compounds coupled with the growing challenge of antimicrobial resistance, which has been recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a major global health threat [1]. The rapid spread of bacterial strains resistant to available antibacterial medicines is of particular concern, including the 'ESKAPE' pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) that are responsible for many nosocomial infections [2-3].

IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology (GtoPdb) collaborates with AntibioticDB (ADB; www.antibioticdb.com), an open-access database of antibacterial agents. The maintenance and further development of ADB has been supported by the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP; https://gardp.org/) since 2022. ADB was set up to serve as a reference and a source of starting points for future research and (re-)development of antibacterial therapeutics [4]. This collaboration has provided expert-driven oversight to increase the coverage of antibacterial compounds in GtoPdb.

Definition

An antibacterial can be defined as a drug, chemical or other substance that kills bacteria (bactericidal) or stops their growth (bacteriostatic). The term antibiotic refers to compounds with antimicrobial activity derived from bacteria or molds but is often used synonymously with antibacterial.

Inclusion Criteria

Antibacterials will be prioritised for inclusion in the Guide to PHARMACOLOGY if:

  • They are single molecules
  • The chemical structure/s are fully defined
  • There are validated minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against relevant bacterial species
  • There is validated (preferably quantitative) evidence for a molecular target or targets through which the biological effects are mediated

Compounds of undisclosed formulation or undefined mixtures of compounds will not be included.

Data Content

Breakdown of antibacterial data in GtoPdb:
All Antibacterials: 668
Antibacterials (Approved Drugs): 269

Cite this page

The information on this page is curated by the GtoPdb curation team at the University of Edinburgh. If the information is useful to you, please cite it by referring to our citation page.

Download all Antibacterials as CSV
Antibacterials that are approved drugs.
A   B   C   D   E   F   G   H   I   J   K   L   M   N   O   P   Q   R   S   T   V  
Ligand name ID Synonyms
A Back to top
amikacin Approved drug PDB Ligand 10894 Amikin®, AMK, Arikayce liposomal®, BB-K8
amoxicillin Approved drug 10895 Amoxil®, BRL-2333, co-amoxiclav (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid), Moxatag®, NSC-277174, Trimox®
ampicillin Approved drug PDB Ligand 10896 aminobenzylpenicillin, KS-R1, Penbritin®, Polycillin, Principen®
arbekacin Approved drug PDB Ligand 7345 arbekacin sulfate, habekacin, ME1100, NPC-14
aspoxicillin Approved drug 12293 Doyle®, TA-058
auranofin Approved drug Immunopharmacology Ligand 6306 MMV688978, Ridaura®, SK&F-39162, SK-39162
avibactam Approved drug PDB Ligand 10761 AVI, Emblaveo® (aztreonam and avibactam), NXL 104, NXL-104, NXL104
azidamfenicol Approved drug 12397 azidamphenicol, azidoamfenicol, azidoamphenicol, Thilocof®
azithromycin Approved drug PDB Ligand Immunopharmacology Ligand Antimalarial Ligand 6510
azlocillin Approved drug 12260 Azlin®, BAY-E-6905
aztreonam Approved drug 10763 Azactam®, Cayston®, Emblaveo® (aztreonam and avibactam), SQ 26776, SQ-26776, SQ26776
 
B Back to top
bacampicillin Approved drug 12292 Penglobe®, Spectrobid®
bacitracin A Approved drug 12812
balofloxacin Approved drug 13105 Q-35, Q-Roxin®
bedaquiline Approved drug PDB Ligand 11171 BDQ, compound 1a [PMID: 17496888], R-207910, Sirturo®, TMC-207, TMC207
bekanamycin Approved drug PDB Ligand 12182 kanamycin B, nebramycin V
besifloxacin Approved drug 12877 Besivance®, BOL-303224-A, ISV-403, SS734
bezlotoxumab Approved drug 13334 BLA 761046, MBL-CDB1, MDX-1388, Zinplava®
biapenem Approved drug 12022 L-627, LJC10,627, Omegacin®, RPX2003
bosutinib Approved drug PDB Ligand Immunopharmacology Ligand 5710 Bosulif®, SK 606, SK-606, SKI 606
 
C Back to top
capreomycin IB Approved drug 13256 Capastat®
carbenicillin Approved drug 10768 BRL-2064, BRL2064, carboxybenzylpenicillin, CBPC, CP 15639-2, CP-156392, Pyopen®
carfecillin Approved drug 12288 BRL 3475, carbenicillin phenyl, Uticillin®
carindacillin Approved drug 12276 carbenicillin indanyl, CP-15,464-2, CP-15464-2, Geocillin®
carumonam Approved drug 12296 AMA-1080, Ro 17-2301
cefaclor Approved drug 10897 Ceclor®, Lilly 99638, Raniclor®
cefadroxil Approved drug PDB Ligand 4831 Duricef®
cefaloglycin Approved drug 12193 cephaloglycin, Kafocin®
cefalotin Approved drug PDB Ligand 8798 cephalothin, cephalotin, Keflin®
cefamandole Approved drug PDB Ligand 12210 cephamandole
cefapirin Approved drug 12191 Cefadyl®, cephapirin
cefazolin Approved drug PDB Ligand 10935 Ancef®, cephazolin, CEZ, Kefzol®, SK&F-41558
cefcapene Approved drug 12053 Flomox® (cefcapene pivoxil), S-1006
cefdinir Approved drug 12023 FK 482, Omnicef®
cefditoren Approved drug 12030 ME 1206, Spectracef® (cefditoren pivoxil)
cefepime Approved drug 10772 BMY-28142, BMY28142, CFPM, Maxipime®, Renapime®
cefiderocol Approved drug 10776 compound 3 [PMID: 29960205], Fetcroja®, Fetroja®, GSK-2696266, GSK2696266, RSC 649266, RSC-649266, RSC649266, S-649266
cefixime Approved drug PDB Ligand 10898 (E)-Cefixime, Cefspan®, CFIX, FK-027, FR-17027, Suprax®
cefmenoxime Approved drug 12024 A-50912, Abbott 50192, Bestron®, Cefmax®, SCE-1365
cefmetazole Approved drug PDB Ligand 12215 CS-1170, U-72791, Zefazone®
cefonicid Approved drug 12217 Monocid®, SK&F 75073
cefoperazone Approved drug 12025 Cefobid®, T-1551
ceforanide Approved drug 12218 BL-S786, Precef®
cefoselis Approved drug 12034 FK-037, Wincef®
cefotaxime Approved drug PDB Ligand 10893 Claforan®, Ru-24756
cefotetan Approved drug 10936 Apatef®, Cefotan®, ICI-156834, ICI156834
cefoxitin Approved drug PDB Ligand 10937 Cenomycin®, CFX, Mefoxin®, MK-306, MK306
cefozopran Approved drug 12054 SCE-2787
cefpiramide Approved drug 12027 SM-1652, WY-44635
cefpirome Approved drug 12033 HR 810, Romecef®
cefpodoxime Approved drug 10780 RU-51746, Vantin®
cefprozil Approved drug 12219 BMY-28100, Cefzil®
cefroxadine Approved drug 13619 CGP 9000, CGP-9000, Oraspor®
ceftaroline fosamil Approved drug 10899 PPI-0903, TAK-599, Teflaro®, Zinforo®
ceftazidime Approved drug 10762 CAZ, Fortaz®, Fortum®, GR 20263, GR-20263, GR20263, LY-139381, LY139381, Pentacef®, Tazicef®
cefteram Approved drug 11051 cefterame, ceftetrame, CFTM, Ro 19-5247, T-2525
ceftibuten Approved drug 12029 7432-S, Cedax®, SCH 39720
ceftizoxime Approved drug 10785 Cefizox®, compound 22 {PMID: 2342058], Epocelin®, FK-749, FK749, FR-13749, FR13749, SK&F 88373-Z
ceftobiprole Approved drug 10787 BAL-9141, BAL9141, BAL9141-000, BAL9141000, Ro-63-9141, Ro-639141, Zeftera®, Zevtera®
ceftolozane Approved drug 10788 CXA-101, CXA101, FR-264205, FR264205, Zerbaxa® (ceftolozane + tazobactam)
ceftriaxone Approved drug 5326 Rocephin®
cefuroxime Approved drug PDB Ligand 10900 Ceftin®, CXM, Kefurox®, Zinacef®
cephalexin Approved drug 4832 cefalexin, Ceporex®, Keflex®
cephradine Approved drug 4830 cefradine, Infexin®, Velocef®
chloramphenicol Approved drug PDB Ligand 10901 Brolene®, chloromycetin
chlortetracycline Approved drug PDB Ligand 13537 Aureomycin®
cilastatin Approved drug 5166 MK 0791, MK-791, MK791, Primaxin®
cinoxacin Approved drug 12401 Cinobac®, Lilly 64716
ciprofloxacin Approved drug PDB Ligand 10902 BAY-O-9867, BAY-O9867, Cetraxal®, Ciloxan®, Cipro®, CPFX, Proquin XR
clarithromycin Approved drug PDB Ligand 10903 6-O-methylerythromycin, A-56268, ABBOTT-56268, Biaxin®, Klaricid®, TE-031
clavulanic acid Approved drug PDB Ligand 11128 BRL-14151, BRL-14151K, BRL14151, clavulanate, MM 14151
clindamycin Approved drug PDB Ligand Antimalarial Ligand 10607
clofazimine Approved drug Immunopharmacology Ligand 9184 Lamprene®
clofoctol Approved drug 12926 Gramplus®, Octofene®
clomocycline Approved drug 13541 chlormethylenecycline, Megaclor®
cloxacillin Approved drug PDB Ligand 11126 BRL-1621, BRL1621, chloroxacillin, Methocillin S, Syntarpen®, Tegopen®
colistin Approved drug 10794 Colobreathe®, polymyxin E, Promixin®
contezolid Approved drug PDB Ligand 10795 MRX-1, MRX-I, Youxitai®
cyclacillin Approved drug 4817 ciclacillin, Cyclapen®, Vastcillin®, Wy-4508
 
D Back to top
dalbavancin Approved drug 10876 BI-397, BI397, Dalvance®, Xydalba®
dalfopristin Approved drug PDB Ligand 10797 RP-54476, RP54476, Synercid® (dalfopristin + quinupristin)
dapsone Approved drug Antimalarial Ligand 10934 Aczone®, NSC-6091
daptomycin Approved drug 10904 Cubicin®, LY-146032, LY146032
D-cycloserine Approved drug PDB Ligand 9489 Seromycin®
delafloxacin Approved drug PDB Ligand 10799 Abbott 492, ABT-492, ABT492, Baxdela®, Quofenix®
delamanid Approved drug 12876 Deltyba®, OPC-67683
demeclocycline Approved drug 10905 Declomycin®, Ledermycin®
diacerein Approved drug 10800 Artrodar®, Fisiodar®
dibekacin Approved drug PDB Ligand 12134 3',4'-dideoxykanamycin B, debecacin
dicloxacillin Approved drug 12261 BRL-1702, Diclocil®, Dynapen®
dihydrostreptomycin Approved drug PDB Ligand 12163
dirithromycin Approved drug PDB Ligand 12928 AS-E 136, Dynabac®, LY237216
doripenem Approved drug PDB Ligand 12183 compound 1m [PMID: 8621362], Doribax®, S-4661
doxycycline Approved drug PDB Ligand Immunopharmacology Ligand Antimalarial Ligand 6464 BMY-28689, Monodox®, Vibramycin®
durlobactam Approved drug 12693 ETX-2514, EXT2514, Xacduro® (sulbactam and durlobactam)
 
E Back to top
enmetazobactam Approved drug 12188 AAI101, Exblifep® (cefepime + enmetazobactam), OCID-5090
enoxacin Approved drug 8882 AT-2266, CI-919, Penetrex®
enviomycin Approved drug 13276 Tuberactin®, tuberactinomycin N
eravacycline Approved drug PDB Ligand 10805 compound 17j [PMID: 2148514], TP-434, TP434, Xerava®
ertapenem Approved drug 10906 Invanz®, L-749345, MK-0826, MK-826
erythromycin Approved drug PDB Ligand 1456 EM-A, E-Mycin®, Erythrocin®, erythromycin-A
ethambutol Approved drug PDB Ligand 12996 Myambutol®
ethionamide Approved drug PDB Ligand 12954 1314 TH, Bayer 5312, Trecator®
 
F Back to top
fidaxomicin Approved drug PDB Ligand 10909 Dificid®, Dificlir®, lipiarmycin, OPT-80, PAR-101, tiacumicin B
finafloxacin Approved drug 10809 AL-60371, AL60371, Xtoro®
fleroxacin Approved drug 12476 AM-833, Megalone®, Quinodis®, Ro 23-6240
flucloxacillin Approved drug 10910 BRL-2039, BRL2039, floxacillin
flumequine Approved drug 13650 R-802
flurithromycin Approved drug 12927 (8S)-8-fluoroerythromycin A, P-0501A
fosfomycin Approved drug PDB Ligand 10813 Monurol®, phosphomycin, phosphonomycin, Veramina®
furagin Approved drug 12367 furazidin, furazidine, NF416
furaltadone Approved drug 13898 Altafur®, furmethonol
furazolidone Approved drug 12343 Furoxone®
fusidic acid Approved drug PDB Ligand 10815 CEM-102, CEM102, Fucidin®, fusidate, sodium fusidate, Taksta®
 
G Back to top
garenoxacin Approved drug 12402 BMS-284756, Ganefloxacin, Garenfloxacin, Geninax®, T-3811
gatifloxacin Approved drug 10816 AM-1155, AM1155, Gatiflo®, GTFX, Tequin®, Zymar®
gemifloxacin Approved drug 12406 Factive®, LB20304, SB 265805
gentamicin Approved drug 2427 Garamycin®, gentamicin sulfate
gepotidacin Approved drug PDB Ligand 10817 Blujepa®, GSK-2140944, GSK2140944
grepafloxacin Approved drug 10818 OPC 17116, OPC-17116, OPC17116, Raxar®
 
H Back to top
hetacillin Approved drug 12263
hexachlorophene Approved drug PDB Ligand 11069 Inh 1 [PMID: 32284327], Nabac®
 
I Back to top
imatinib Approved drug PDB Ligand Immunopharmacology Ligand 5687 CGP 57148, Gleevec®, Glivec®, STI571
imipenem Approved drug 10821 MK-0787, MK0787, Primaxin® (imipenem + cilastatin), Recarbrio® (imipenem + cilastatin + relebactam).
isepamicin Approved drug 12136 HAPA-B, Sch 21420
isoniazid Approved drug PDB Ligand 12761 isonicotinic acid hydrazide, Nydrazid®, Rimifon®
ivermectin Approved drug 2373 Heartgard®, ivermectin B1a, MK-933, Sklice®, Soolantra®
 
J Back to top
josamycin Approved drug 12924 kitasamycin A3, leucomycin A3, turimycin A5
 
K Back to top
kanamycin Approved drug PDB Ligand 12132 kanamycin A
 
L Back to top
latamoxef Approved drug 12031 6059-S, LY127935, moxalactam, Moxam®
L-cycloserine Approved drug 9488 levcycloserine, Seromycin®
lefamulin Approved drug PDB Ligand 10824 BC-3781, BC3781, compound 7 [PMID: 24874438], Xenleta®
levofloxacin Approved drug PDB Ligand 10911 DR-3355, Levaquin®, Quinsair®
lincomycin Approved drug PDB Ligand 10941 Bactramycin®, L-Mycin®, LCM, Lincocin®, Lincorex®, U 10,149A, U-10149
linezolid Approved drug PDB Ligand 10827 PNU-100766, PNU100766, U-100,766, U-100766, ZLD, Zyvox®
lomefloxacin Approved drug 12407 Maxaquin®, NY-198, SC-47111, Uniquin®
loracarbef Approved drug 12247 KT-3777, Lorabid®, LY163892
lusutrombopag Approved drug 10032 Mulpleta®, S-888711, S888711
lymecycline Approved drug 10912 N-Lysinomethyltetracycline, tetracycline-L Methylene-Lysine, Tetralysal®
 
M Back to top
mafenide Approved drug PDB Ligand 12697 homosulfanilamide, Sulfamylon®
mecillinam Approved drug 12813 amdinocillin, Coactin®, FL 1060, Selexidin®
meclocycline Approved drug 13540 GS-2989, Meclan®
meropenem Approved drug PDB Ligand 10829 ICI 194,660, Merrem®, SM-7338
metacycline Approved drug 13618 GS-2876, methacycline, methylenecycline, Physiomycine®, Rondomycin®
methenamine Approved drug 10913 Hiprex®, Mandelamine®, Urex®
methicillin Approved drug PDB Ligand 12264 meticillin
metronidazole Approved drug PDB Ligand 10914 BAY-5360, BAYER 5360, Flagyl®, Metrogel®, ROZEX®
mezlocillin Approved drug 12272 BAYPEN®, Mezlin®, Multocillin®
micronomicin Approved drug 12162 gentamicin C2b, Sagamicin®, XK-62-2
midecamycin Approved drug 13158 espinomycin A, platenomycin B1, rubimycin, SF-837, turimycin P3
minocycline Approved drug 10831 CL 59806, CL-59806, CL59806, Dynacin®, MINO, Minocin®, NSC-141993
moxifloxacin Approved drug PDB Ligand 10915 Avelox®, BAY-12-8039, BAY-128039, BAY128039, MFX, MOXIVIG® (opthalmic solution)
mupirocin Approved drug PDB Ligand Antimalarial Ligand 10916 Bactroban®, BRL-4910A, BRL-4910F, Centany®, pseudomonic acid
 
N Back to top
nadifloxacin Approved drug 12919 Nadixa®, OPC-7251
nafcillin Approved drug 10942 Ethoxynaphthamido Penicillin Sodium, Nallpen®, Unipen®
nalidixic acid Approved drug PDB Ligand 12773 NegGram®, Win 18,320
nemonoxacin Approved drug 10836 Taigexyn®, TG-873870, TG873870
neomycin Approved drug PDB Ligand 709 Neo-Rx®, neomycin sulfate
netilmicin Approved drug 12159 1-N-ethylsisomicin, Sch 20569
niclosamide Approved drug PDB Ligand 8494 VU0243604
nifuratel Approved drug 12348 Macmiror®, Magmilor®, methylmercadone
nifuroxazide Approved drug 12358 NSC-759261, RC-27109, SJ000287313
nifurtimox Approved drug 12364 BAY 2502, BAY A2502, Bayer 2502, Lampit®
nifurtoinol Approved drug 12346 hydroxymethylnitrofurantoin, Urfadyn PL®
nitrofural Approved drug PDB Ligand 12366 Furacin®, Furacine®, nitrofurazone
nitrofurantoin Approved drug PDB Ligand 10917 Furadantin®, Macrobid®, Macrodantin®, Nitro Macro®, NSC-2107, NSC-44150
norfloxacin Approved drug 12408 AM-715, Chibroxin®, MK-0366, Noroxin®
novobiocin Approved drug PDB Ligand 12021 Albamycin®, cardelmycin, cathomycin, PA 93, streptonivicin
 
O Back to top
obiltoxaximab Approved drug 13342 Anthim®, ETI-204, Nyxthracis®
ofloxacin Approved drug 10918 DL-8280, Exocin® (eye drops), Floxin®, HOE-280, OFX, Tarivid®
oleandomycin Approved drug 13280 amimycin, landomycin, Matromycin®, P.A.105, Romicil®
omadacycline Approved drug PDB Ligand 10839 amadacycline, compound 6 [PMID: 21302930], Nuzyra®, PTK-0796, PTK0796
oritavancin Approved drug 10877 Kimyrsa®, LY-333328, LY333328, Orbactiv®
oxacillin Approved drug 10943 Bactocill®
oxantel Approved drug 10840 CP-14,445, CP-14445
oxolinic acid Approved drug PDB Ligand 12999
oxytetracycline Approved drug PDB Ligand 10919 E703, NSC-9169, Terramycin®
ozenoxacin Approved drug 10841 Ozadub®, T-3912, T3912, Xepi®
 
P Back to top
panipenem Approved drug 12184 Carbenin® (panipenem + betamipron), CS-533, RS-533
para-aminosalicylic acid Approved drug PDB Ligand 13652 4-aminosalicylic acid, Granupas®, p-aminosalicylic acid, Paser®, Rezipas®
paromomycin Approved drug PDB Ligand 12160 aminosidine, catenulin, Humatin®, monomycin A
pazufloxacin Approved drug 12410 Pasil®, Pazucross®, T-3761
pefloxacin Approved drug 12411 1589 RB, AM-725
penamecillin Approved drug 12808 Havapen®, WY-20788
penicillin G Approved drug PDB Ligand 4796 penicillin G sodium, penicillin-G potassium
pheneticillin Approved drug 12275 alfacilin, Broxil®, feneticillin, phenethicillin
phenoxymethylpenicillin Approved drug PDB Ligand 10920 Oracillin®, PC Pen VK®, Pen-V®, penicillin V, Penicillin VK, PNV
pipemidic acid Approved drug 12774 Pipram®
piperacillin Approved drug PDB Ligand 10921 CL 227,193, CL-227193, PIPC, T-1220, Tazocin® (piperacillin + tazobactam)
piromidic acid Approved drug 12475 Bactramyl®, Panacid®, PD-93
pivmecillinam Approved drug 10922 amdinocillin pivoxil, pivmecillinam hydrochloride, Pivya®, RO-10-9071, RO-109071, Selexid®
plazomicin Approved drug PDB Ligand 10847 ACHN-490, ACHN490, Zemdri®
polymyxin B Approved drug 10338 Aerosporin®
pretomanid Approved drug 11172 PA-824, PA824
pristinamycin IA Approved drug 12934 mikamycin B, ostreogrycin B, Pyostacine®, streptogramin B, virginiamycin B
pristinamycin IIA Approved drug PDB Ligand 12933 mikamycin A, ostreogrycin A, Pyostacine®, streptogramin A, virginiamycin M1
prulifloxacin Approved drug 12860 NM441
pyrazinamide Approved drug PDB Ligand 7287 aldinamide, Zinamide®
 
Q Back to top
quinupristin Approved drug 10798 RP 57669, RP-57669, RP57669, Synercid® (dalfopristin + quinupristin)
 
R Back to top
raxibacumab Approved drug 13344 Abthrax, PAmAb
relebactam Approved drug 10852 MK-7655, MK-7655A, MK7655
retapamulin Approved drug 11035 Altabax®, Altargo®, SB-275833, SB275833
rifabutin Approved drug 12015 BV100 (for infusion), LM 427, Mycobutin®, Rifabutine
rifampicin Approved drug PDB Ligand 2765 Rifadin®, rifampin
rifamycin Approved drug 4570 Aemcolo®, rifamycin SV
rifapentine Approved drug PDB Ligand 12014 DL 473, MDL 473, Priftin®
rifaximin Approved drug PDB Ligand 12012 L/105, Rifamycin L 105, Xifaxan®
rokitamycin Approved drug 12879 Ricamycin®, TMS-19-Q
rolitetracycline Approved drug 12760 pyrrolidinylmethyltetracycline, Reverin®, SQ 15,659, Syntetrin®, Velacycline®
rosoxacin Approved drug 12474 acrosoxacin, Eracine®, Eradacil®, Eradacin®, WIN 35213, Winuron®
roxithromycin Approved drug PDB Ligand 1465 RU 28965
rufloxacin Approved drug 12473 MF 934, Monos®
 
S Back to top
sarafloxacin Approved drug 10857 A-56620, A56620
sarecycline Approved drug PDB Ligand 12921 P005672, Seysara®
secnidazole Approved drug 12925 14,539 RP, Solosec®, SYM-1219
sisomicin Approved drug PDB Ligand 10858 Antibiotic 66-40, Antibiotic 6640, rickamicin, Sch-13475, Sch13475, sisomycin, Sissomicin
sitafloxacin Approved drug 11040 compound 33 [PMID: 7932562], DU-6859, DU-6859a, DU6859a, Gracevit®, STX
sparfloxacin Approved drug 10860 AT-4140, AT4140, CI-978, CI978, SPFX, Zagam ®
spectinomycin Approved drug PDB Ligand 11127 actinospectacin, M-141, Trobicin®, U-18409, U-18409E, U18409
spiramycin Approved drug PDB Ligand 13312 foromacidin, Rovamycine®
streptomycin Approved drug PDB Ligand 10923 Gerox®, NSC-14083, Strepcen®
sulbactam Approved drug PDB Ligand 10769 Betamaze, CP-45,899, CP-45899
sulfabenzamide Approved drug PDB Ligand 12632
sulfacetamide Approved drug 12633 Bleph-10®, Klaron®, sulphacetamide
sulfachlorpyridazine Approved drug 12634 BA-10370, sulfachloropyridazine, sulphachlorpyridazine
sulfadiazine Approved drug 12635
sulfadimethoxine Approved drug 12638 Albon® (veterinary), sulfadimethoxydiazine, sulphadimethoxine
sulfadimidine Approved drug 12642 sulfamethazine
sulfadoxine Approved drug Antimalarial Ligand 10173 sulphadoxine
sulfaguanidine Approved drug PDB Ligand 12639 sulfanilylguanidine, sulphaguanidine
sulfamazone Approved drug 13711 Marespin®, sulphenazone
sulfamerazine Approved drug 12640 2-sulfanilamido-4-methylpyrimidine, sulfamethyldiazine, sulphamerazine
sulfamethizole Approved drug 12683 Rufol®, sulphamethizole, Thiosulfil®
sulfamethoxazole Approved drug PDB Ligand 10933 Gantanol®, RO 4-2130, RO-42130, SMX, STX-608
sulfamethoxypyridazine Approved drug 12686 Kynex®, sulphamethoxypyridazine
sulfametoxydiazine Approved drug 12641 sulfameter, sulfamethoxydiazine, Sulla®
sulfametrole Approved drug 12702
sulfamonomethoxine Approved drug PDB Ligand 12688 Daimeton®
sulfamoxole Approved drug 12744 Nuprin®, sulfadimethyloxazole, Sulfuno®, sulphamoxole
sulfanilamide Approved drug PDB Ligand 12631 AVC®, sulphanilamide
sulfapyridine Approved drug PDB Ligand 12698 Dagenan®, M&B 693, sulphapyridine
sulfasalazine Approved drug PDB Ligand 4840 Azulfidine®, Salazopyridin®, Salazopyrin®, SAS-500
sulfathiazole Approved drug PDB Ligand 12699 M&B 760, Thiazamide®
sulfisoxazole Approved drug 12700 Gantrisin®, NU-445, sulfafurazole, sulphafurazole
sulopenem Approved drug 10862 CP-70,429, CP-70429, CP70429, Orlynvah® (sulopenem etzadroxil and probenecid)
sultamicillin Approved drug 12290 CP-49,952, Unasyn®
 
T Back to top
talampicillin Approved drug 12289 BRL 8988, Talpen®
taurolidine Approved drug 13030 Defencath® (taurolidine + heparin), taurolin
tebipenem pivoxil Approved drug 10864 L-084, LJC 11,084, LJC-11,084, LJC-11084, Orapenem®, TBPM-PI
tedizolid Approved drug PDB Ligand 10865 DA-7157, previously torezolid, Sivextro®, TR-700, TR700
teicoplanin Approved drug 10924 Antibiotic 8327A, MDL-507, Targocid®, teichomycin, teicoplanin A2
telavancin Approved drug 10925 TD-6424, TD6424, Vibativ®
telithromycin Approved drug 10878 HMR-3647, Ketek®, Levviax®, RU-66647, RU66647
temafloxacin Approved drug 10866 A-62254, A62254, Abbott 62254, Omniflox®
temocillin Approved drug 10926 BRL-17421, BRL17421, Negaban®
tetracycline Approved drug 10927 Achromycin®, Ala-Tet®, Brodspec®, NSC-108579, Panmycin®, Sumycin®, TCN
thioridazine Approved drug 100 Mellaril®, thioridazin, TP-21
ticarcillin Approved drug 10928 BRL-2288, BRL2288, Ticar, Timentin® (ticarcillin + clavulanate)
tigecycline Approved drug 10929 GAR-936, GAR936, Tygacil®, WAY-GAR-936
tinidazole Approved drug 12341 CP 12574, Fasigyn®, Tindamax®
tobramycin Approved drug PDB Ligand 10930 Bethkis®, Kitabis®, Tobi Podhaler®, Tobradex® (tobramycin + dexamethasone), Vantobra®
tosufloxacin Approved drug 12878 Ozex®, T-3262
trimethoprim Approved drug PDB Ligand 10931 BW-56-72, BW-5672, NSC-106568, Primsol®, Proloprim®, Trimpex®
troleandomycin Approved drug 10209 oleandocetin, Tao®, triacetyloleandomycin
trovafloxacin Approved drug 13476 CP-99,219, Trovan®, Turvel®
 
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vaborbactam Approved drug PDB Ligand 10871 compound 9f [PMID: 25782055], RPX-7009, RPX7009, Vabomere (vaborbactam + meropenem)
vancomycin Approved drug 10932 Vancocin®, Vancor®
verapamil Approved drug 2406 Ansyr®, CP-165331 / CP-16533-1, Securon®
viomycin Approved drug 13252 celiomycin, florimycin, tuberactinomycin B
 
Antibacterial targets curated in GtoPdb.
Target Target ID Comments
DNA gyrase subunit A 3217 DNA gyrase subunit A is comprised of an N-terminal domain (59-64 kDa) involved in DNA cleavage and ligation, and a C-terminal domain (33 kDa) involved in DNA-protein interactions [5].
DNA gyrase subunit B 3218 DNA gyrase subunit B is comprised of an N-terminal domain (43 kDa) containing the ATPase activity, and a C-terminal domain (47 kDa) involved in interactions with subunit A and DNA.
DNA gyrase 3219 DNA gyrase is a type II DNA topoisomerase [2] and one of two enzymes of this subclass found in bacteria, the other being DNA topoisomerase 4. DNA gyrase introduces negative supercoils in closed circular double-stranded DNA in an ATP-dependent manner.
This enzyme is the clinically-validated target for a number of antibacterial drug classes, including the aminocoumarins and fluoroquinolones.
DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A 3225
DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit B 3226
DNA topoisomerase 4 3227 DNA topoisomerase 4 (also know as Topoisomerase IV) is a Type II DNA topoisomerase [3-4]. It is one of two enzymes of this subclass found in bacteria, the other being DNA gyrase. DNA topoisomerase 4 decatenates interlinked daughter chromosomes following DNA replication [6]. It catalyzes ATP-dependent breakage, passage and rejoining of double-stranded DNA.
polyketide synthase Pks13 2950 FAAL32-Pks13 polyketide synthase catalyzes the condensation reaction, which produces α-alkyl β-ketoacids, direct precursors of mycolic acids. This function is carried out by its thioesterase-like domain as a unique mechanism to transfer polyketide synthase products in mycobacteria, hence the focus on this as a drug target [1].

Resources

AntibioticDB, an open-access database of antibacterial agents

The Global Antibiotic Research & Development Partnership (GARDP) is a not-for-profit organization that accelerates the development and access of treatments for drug-resistant bacterial infections together with public, private and non-profit partners.

GARDP’s REVIVE supports the antimicrobial research and development community through open-access webinars, conferences, articles and other materials.

References

  1. Bertagnolio S, Dobreva Z, Centner CM, Olaru ID, Donà D, Burzo S, Huttner BD, Chaillon A, Gebreselassie N, Wi T, Hasso-Agopsowicz M et al.. WHO global research priorities for antimicrobial resistance in human health. Lancet Microbe. 2024 Nov;5(11):100902. doi: 10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00134-4. Epub 2024 Aug 13. [PMID: 39146948]
  2. Rice LB. (2008) Federal funding for the study of antimicrobial resistance in nosocomial pathogens: no ESKAPE. J Infect Dis, 197 (8): 1079-81. [PMID: 18419525]
  3. Tacconelli E, Carrara E, Savoldi A, Harbarth S, Mendelson M, Monnet DL, Pulcini C, Kahlmeter G, Kluytmans J, Carmeli Y et al.. (2018) Discovery, research, and development of new antibiotics: the WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and tuberculosis. Lancet Infect Dis, 18 (3): 318-327. [PMID: 29276051]
  4. L J Farrell, R Lo, J J Wanford, A Jenkins, A Maxwell, L J V Piddock (2018). Revitalizing the drug pipeline: AntibioticDB, an open access database to aid antibacterial research and development, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 73: 2284–2297. [PMID: 29897476]

Further Reading

  • Cook MA, Wright GD. (2022) The past, present, and future of antibiotics. Sci Transl Med, 14 (657): eabo7793. [PMID: 35947678]
  • Piddock LJV, Alimi Y, Anderson J, de Felice D, Moore CE, Røttingen JA, Skinner H, Beyer P. Advancing global antibiotic research, development and access. Nat Med. 2024 Sep;30(9):2432-2443. [PMID: 39227444]